Suriname in the Long Twentieth Century

Domination, Contestation, Globalization

Rosemarijn Hoefte

Print Pub Date:: December 2013
Online Date:: January 2014

History Collection 2014

Despite its modest size, the South American republic of Suriname is today the site of many distinctive processes of globalization, including mass immigration and emigration, re-democratization, widening income gaps, drug trafficking, and increasing diversity. Whereas past historical analyses of this remarkable nation have been largely preoccupied with ethnicity, this intersectional study teases out the complex relationships among class, gender, and ethnic identity over the course of Suriname's modern history, from the capital city of Paramaribo to the country's resource-rich rainforest. Author Rosemarijn Hoefte also places Suriname's history within a global and regional context, exploring both its South American and its Caribbean dimensions.

Table of Contents
How to Cite
Bibliography (544)
About & Reviews

Prelims pages i–viii
Map, Figures, and Tables pages ix–x
Acknowledgments pages xi–xiv
Introduction pages 1–26
Chapter 1. Setting the Scene: The Culture of Late Colonial Capitalism 1900–1940 pages 27–50
Chapter 2. The Growing Role of the State in Late Colonial Society pages 51–68
Chapter 3. Discontent, Protest, and Repression in the 1930s pages 69–90
Chapter 4. Resetting the Scene: Developments 1940–1975 pages 91–112
Chapter 5. Bauxite Mining in Moengo: Remnants of the Past and Signs of Modernity pages 113–132 Anouk de Koning
Chapter 6. Economic Collapse, Social Dislocation, and the Military Regime pages 133–158
Chapter 7. The Development of Paramaribo in the Second Half of the Century pages 159–186 Hebe Verrest
Chapter 8. Leaving the Scene: A New Century pages 187–218
Notes pages 219–260
Bibliography pages 261–278
Index pages 279–294

How to cite this book (export citation)

Harvard: Rosemarijn Hoefte . (December 2013). Suriname in the Long Twentieth Century . [Online] Available at: http://www.palgraveconnect.com/pc/doifinder/10.1057/9781137360137.0011. (Accessed: 2 May 2015).
APA: Rosemarijn Hoefte . (December 2013). Suriname in the Long Twentieth Century . Retrieved from http://www.palgraveconnect.com/pc/doifinder/10.1057/9781137360137.0011
MLA: Rosemarijn Hoefte . Suriname in the Long Twentieth Century . (December 2013) Palgrave Macmillan. 2 May 2015.
Vancouver: Rosemarijn Hoefte . Suriname in the Long Twentieth Century [internet]. New York: Palgrave Macmillan; December 2013. [cited 2015 May 2]. Available from: http://www.palgraveconnect.com/pc/doifinder/10.1057/9781137360137.0011
OSCOLA: Rosemarijn Hoefte , Suriname in the Long Twentieth Century , Palgrave Macmillan December 2013

How to cite this chapter (export citation)

Harvard: Hebe Verrest . (December 2013). ' The Development of Paramaribo in the Second Half of the Century ' in Suriname in the Long Twentieth Century pp.159–186. [Online] Available at: http://www.palgraveconnect.com/pc/doifinder/10.1057/9781137360137.0011. (Accessed: 2 May 2015).
APA: Hebe Verrest . (December 2013). The Development of Paramaribo in the Second Half of the Century . In Suriname in the Long Twentieth Century . (pp.159–186). Retrieved from http://www.palgraveconnect.com/pc/doifinder/10.1057/9781137360137.0011
MLA: Hebe Verrest . " The Development of Paramaribo in the Second Half of the Century ". Suriname in the Long Twentieth Century . (December 2013); 159–186. Palgrave Macmillan. 2 May 2015.
Vancouver: Hebe Verrest . Suriname in the Long Twentieth Century [internet]. New York: Palgrave Macmillan; December 2013. The Development of Paramaribo in the Second Half of the Century [cited 2015 May 2]. Available from: http://www.palgraveconnect.com/pc/doifinder/10.1057/9781137360137.0011
OSCOLA: Hebe Verrest , The Development of Paramaribo in the Second Half of the Century , Palgrave Macmillan December 2013

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Waal Malefijt, Annemarie de. (1963). The Javanese of Surinam: Segment of a Plural Society. Assen: Van Gorcum.
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Walle, J. van de. (1975). Een oog boven Paramaribo: Herinneringen. Amsterdam: Querido.
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Wekker, Gloria. (1997). “One Finger Does Not Drink Okra Soup: Afro-Surinamese Women and Critical Agency.” In M. Jacqui Alexander & Chandra Talpade Mohanty (Eds.), Feminist Genealogies, Colonial Legacies, Democratic Futures, pp. 330–352. New York, NY: Routledge.
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Wekker, Gloria. (2001). “Of Mimic Men and Unruly Women: Family, Sexuality and Gender in Twentieth-Century Suriname.” In Rosemarijn Hoefte & Peter Meel (Eds.) Twentieth-Century Suriname: Continuities and Discontinuities in a New World Society, pp. 174–197. Kingston: Ian Randle / Leiden: KITLV Press.
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Wekker, Gloria. (2004). “Sranan, Swit’ Sranan: Populaire beeldvorming over etnische en gendergelijkheid in Suriname.” In Michiel van Kempen, Piet Verkruijsse, & Adrienne Zuiderweg (Eds.), Wandelaar onder de palmen: Opstellen over koloniale en postkoloniale literatuur: Opgedragen aan Bert Paasman, pp. 539–550. Leiden: KITLV Uitgeverij.
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Wekker, Gloria. (2010). “Bouterse for president: Een cultuurkritische interpretatie.” In John Leerdam & Noraly Beyer (Eds.), Suriname en ik: Persoonlijke verhalen van bekende Surinamers over hun vaderland, pp. 169–173. Amsterdam: Meulenhoff.
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Wekker, Gloria & Herman Wekker. (1990). Coming in from the Cold: Linguistic and Socio-cultural Aspects of the Translation of Black English Vernacular Literary Texts into Surinamese Dutch. Leiden: Rijkuniversiteit Leiden, vakgroep Engels.
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Westerloo, Gerard van. (1983). “Suriname, acht jaar onafhankelijk: Een modeldekolonisatie met dodelijke afloop.” In Glenn Willemsen (Ed.), Suriname: De schele onafhankelijkheid, pp. 218–237. Amsterdam: de Arbeiderspers.
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Westerloo, Gerard van. (2010). “Suriname, een vuilnisvat, ik houd van jou!” In John Leerdam & Noraly Beyer (Eds.), Suriname en ik: Persoonlijke verhalen van bekende Surinamers over hun vaderland, pp. 56–60. Amsterdam: Meulenhoff.
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Wicherts, Eric & Jan Veltkamp. (2012). Geschiedenis van de Landsspoorweg. [Paramaribo]: Veka Productions.
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Wijntuin, Emile. (1998). Louis Doedel: Martelaar voor het Surinaamse volk. [Paramaribo:] Author.
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Williams, Brackette. (1991). “Stains on My Name, War in My Veins”: Guyana and the Politics of Racial Struggle. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
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Yelvington, Kevin. (1995). Producing Power: Ethnicity, Gender, and Class in a Caribbean Workplace. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
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Yelvington, Kevin. (1999). “The War in Ethiopia and Trinidad 1935–1936.” In Bridget Brereton & Kevin A. Yelvington (Eds.), The Colonial Caribbean in Transition: Essays on Postemancipation Social and Cultural History, pp. 189–225. Kingston: The Press University of the West Indies / Gainesville: University Press of Florida.
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Chapter 1. Setting the Scene: The Culture of Late Colonial Capitalism 1900–1940
Brereton, Bridget. (1999). “Family Strategies, Gender and the Shift to Wage Labour in the British Caribbean.” In Bridget Brereton & Kevin A. Yelvington (Eds.), The Colonial Caribbean in Transition: Essays on Postemancipation Social and Cultural History, pp. 77–107. Kingston: The Press University of the West Indies / Gainesville: University Press of Florida.
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Bruijne, G. A. de. (1976b). Paramaribo, stadsgeografische studies van een ontwikkelingsland. Bussum: Romen.
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Dijck, Pitou van. (2001). “Continuity and Change in a Small Open Economy: External Dependency and Policy Inconsistencies.” In Rosemarijn Hoefte & Peter Meel (Eds.), Twentieth-Century Suriname: Continuities and Discontinuities in a New World Society, pp. 48–70. Kingston: Ian Randle / Leiden: KITLV Press.
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Flu, P. C. (1922–1923). “Sanitaire verhoudingen in Suriname.” De West-Indische Gids 4 (5), 577–596.
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Flu, P. C. (1928). Verslag van een studiereis naar Suriname (Nederlandsch Guyana) Sept. 1927–Dec. 1927, en beschouwingen dienaangaande. Utrecht: Kemink.
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Gobardhan-Rambocus, Lila. (2008). “Spiegel van een verdeelde samenleving: De pers in jaren van sociale onrust, 1863–1937.” In Archie Sumter & Angelie Sens (Eds.), K’ranti!: De Surinaamse pers 1774–2008, pp. 55–88. Amsterdam: KIT Publishers.
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Goslinga, C. Ch. (1990). The Dutch in the Caribbean and in Surinam 1791/5–1942. Assen: Van Gorcum.
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Heilbron, Waldo. [1982]. Kleine boeren in de schaduw van de plantage: De politieke ekonomie van de naslavernijperiode in Suriname. S.l: s.n.
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Herskovits, Melville & Frances S. Herskovits. (1934). Rebel Destiny: Among the Bush Negroes of Dutch Guiana. New York, NY: Whittlesey House.
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Hoefte, Rosemarijn. (1998). In Place of Slavery: A Social History of British Indian and Javanese Laborers in Suriname. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.
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Klinkers, Ellen. (1997). Op hoop van vrijheid: Van slavensamenleving naar Creoolse gemeenschap in Suriname, 1830–1880. Utrecht: CLACS / IBS.
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Klinkers, Ellen. (2011). De geschiedenis van de politie in Suriname, 1863–1975: Van koloniale tot nationale ordehandhaving. Amsterdam: Boom / Leiden: KITLV Uitgeverij.
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Kom, Anton de. (1934). Wij slaven van Suriname. Amsterdam: Contact.
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Lamur, Carlo. (1985). The American Takeover: Industrial Emergence and Alcoa’s Expansion in Guyana and Suriname 1914–1921. Dordrecht: Foris.
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Lamur, H. E. (1973). The Demographic Evolution of Surinam 1920–1970. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
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Lier, R. A. J. van. (1971). Frontier Society: A Social Analysis of the History of Surinam. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
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Meel, Peter. (1999). Tussen autonomie en onafhankelijkheid: Nederlands-Surinaamse betrekkingen 1954–1961. Leiden: KITLV Uitgeverij.
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Polak, J. A. (1908). Historisch overzicht van de goudindustrie in Suriname. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
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Putten, Adriaan van. (1990). “De Lawa-spoorweg: Een voortijdige poging tot industrialisatie.” Oso 9 (1), 57–64.
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Ramsoedh, Hans. (2003). “De revolutie die niet doorging.” Oso 22 (2), 187–213.
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Roos, J. S. (1912). Het ambacht in Suriname: Rapport van de commissie benoemd bij Gouvernements-resolutie van 13 januari 1910, no 13. [Paramaribo]: Gouvernement van Suriname.
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Schoch, C. F. (1924). “Onze twaalfde provincie in nood.” West-Indische Gids 5 (1), 497–518.
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Scholtens, Bernardus Petrus Canisius. (1994). Bosnegers en overheid in Suriname: De ontwikkeling van de politieke verhouding 1651–1992. Paramaribo: Afdeling Cultuurstudies / Minov.
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Surinaamsche Sub-Comitee. (1912). “De Vrouw 1813–1913.” De vrouw in Suriname. [Amsterdam]: Author.
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Tjon Sie Fat, Paul B. (2009). Chinese New Migrants in Suriname: The Inevitability of Ethnic Performing. Amsterdam: Vossiuspers.
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Traa, A. van. (1946). Suriname 1900–1940. Deventer: W. van Hoeve.
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Chapter 2. The Growing Role of the State in Late Colonial Society
Adhin, J. H. (1969). “Ontstaan en ontwikkeling van de z.g. Aziatische huwelijkwetgeving.” In Een eeuw Surinaamse codificatie: Gedenkboek (1869–1mei–1969). Paramaribo: Surinaamse Juristen-Vereniging.
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Comins, D. W. D. (1892). Note on Emigration from the East Indies to Surinam or Dutch Guiana. Calcutta: n.p.
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[ Drimmelen, C. van ]. (1916). Vrije immigratie: Lezing gehouden door de Agent-Generaal, Vereeniging voor den Grooten Landbouw in Suriname, op 24 oktober 1916 te Paramaribo. Paramaribo: Oliviera.
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Gilst, Tim van. (2009). “Onderscheid als onderwijsbeleid: De invloed van het Surinaamse onderwijs op de bevolking van Paramaribo in 1950.” Paper, KITLV Leiden.
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Gobardhan-Rambocus, Lila. (2001). Onderwijs als sleutel tot maatschappelijke vooruitgang: Een taal- en onderwijsgeschiedenis van Suriname, 1651–1975. Zutphen: Walburg Pers.
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Haraksingh, Kusha. (1981). “Control and Resistance Among Overseas Indian Workers: A Study of Labour on the Sugar Plantations of Trinidad, 1875–1917.” Journal of Caribbean History 14: 1–17.
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Hoefte, Rosemarijn. (1998). In Place of Slavery: A Social History of British Indian and Javanese Laborers in Suriname. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.
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Hoefte, Rosemarijn. (2011). “Learning, Loving and Living in Early Twentieth-Century Suriname: The Movement of People and Ideas from East to West.” Journal of Caribbean History 45 (2), 190–211.
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Kielstra J. C. (1908). Proeve eener inleiding tot de koloniale staathuishoudkunde. Bandoeng: Kolff.
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Kielstra J. C. (1927). “Nieuwe mogelijkheden voor Suriname.” De Economist 76: 181–196.
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Lier, R. A. J. van. (1971). Frontier Society: A Social Analysis of the History of Surinam. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
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Ramsoedh, Hans. (1990). Suriname 1933–1944: Koloniale politiek en beleid onder gouverneur Kielstra. Delft: Eburon.
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Snellen, Ernst. (1933). De aanvoer van arbeiders voor den landbouw in Suriname. PhD Dissertation Landbouw Hogeschool, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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Stipriaan, Alex van. (1998). “Between State and Society: Education in Suriname, 1850–1950.” In Nico Randeraad (Ed.), Mediators between State and Society, pp. 57–86. Hilversum: Verloren.
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Suriname-Syndicaat. (1920). Rapport van de Studie-commissie van het Suriname-Syndicaat. Rotterdam: s.l.
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Chapter 3. Discontent, Protest, and Repression in the 1930s
Gobardhan-Rambocus, Lila. (2008). “Spiegel van een verdeelde samenleving: De pers in jaren van sociale onrust, 1863–1937.” In Archie Sumter & Angelie Sens (Eds.), K’ranti!: De Surinaamse pers 1774–2008, pp. 55–88. Amsterdam: KIT Publishers.
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Helman, Albert. (1976). Zuid-zuid-west. Amsterdam: Querido. [Orig. 1926.]
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Hira, Sandew. (1983). Van Priary tot en met De Kom: De geschiedenis van het verzet in Suriname, 1630–1940. Rotterdam: Futile. [Orig. 1982.]
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Hoefte, Rosemarijn. (1998). In Place of Slavery: A Social History of British Indian and Javanese Laborers in Suriname. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.
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Hoefte, Rosemarijn. (forthcoming). “Locating Mecca: Religious and Political Discord in the Javanese Community in Pre-Independence Suriname.” In Aisha Khan (Ed.), Islam and the Atlantic World: Toward New Paradigms and Prospects. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.
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Kom, Anton de. (1934). Wij slaven van Suriname. Amsterdam: Contact.
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Ledgister, F. S. J. (1998). Class Alliances and the Liberal Authoritarian State: The Roots of Post-Colonial Democracy in Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, and Surinam. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press.
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Lier, R. A. J. van. (1971). Frontier Society: A Social Analysis of the History of Surinam. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
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Meel, Peter. (2009). “Anton de Kom and the Formative Phase of Surinamese Decolonization.” New West Indian Guide 83: 249–280.
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Putscher, A. G. (1933). Het bestuursbeleid en toestanden in Suriname: Lezing gehouden te Den Haag en Utrecht op 12 en 14 juli 1933 door den heer A. G. Putscher, Lid van de Koloniale Staten in Suriname. S.l.: s.n.
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Ramsoedh, Hans. (1990). Suriname 1933–1944: Koloniale politiek en beleid onder gouverneur Kielstra. Delft: Eburon.
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Schoch, C. F. (1924). “Onze twaalfde provincie in nood.” West-Indische Gids 5 (1), 497–518.
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Scholtens, Ben. (1986). Opkomende arbeidersbeweging in Suriname: Doedel, Liesdek, De Sanders en de werklozenonrust 1931–1933. Nijmegen: Masusa.
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Schulte Nordholt, Henk. (2009). “Onafhankelijkheid of moderniteit? Een geïllustreerde hypothese.” In Marieke Bloembergen & Remco Raben (Eds.), Het koloniale beschavingsoffensief: Wegen naar het nieuwe Indië, 1890–1950, pp. 105–120. Leiden: KITLV Uitgeverij.
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Wijntuin, Emile. (1998). Louis Doedel: Martelaar voor het Surinaamse volk. [Paramaribo:] Author.
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Chapter 4. Resetting the Scene: Developments 1940–1975
ABS (Algemeen Bureau voor de Statistiek). (1965). Surinaamse volkstelling 1964: Distrikt Paramaribo (exclusief beperkte telling). Paramaribo: Author.
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ABS (Algemeen Bureau voor de Statistiek). (1972). Voorlopig resultaat vierde algemene volkstelling (The Fourth General Population Census, A Preliminary Report). Paramaribo: Author.
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ABS (Algemeen Bureau voor de Statistiek). (2009). Household Budget Survey 2007/2008.Volume III Final Results per Stratum. Paramaribo: Author.
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Boven, Karin. (2006). Overleven in een grensgebied: Veranderingsprocessen bij de Wayana in Suriname en Frans-Guyana. Amsterdam: Rozenberg / IBS.
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Boven, Karin. (2011). “Overleven in de Wayanajungle: Wie niet sterk is moet slim zijn!” Oso 38 (1), 12–27.
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Bovenkerk, Frank. (1983). “De vlucht: Migratie in de jaren zeventig.” In Glenn Willemsen (Ed.), Suriname: De schele onafhankelijkheid, pp. 152–181. Amsterdam: Synopsis.
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Breeveld, Hans. (2000). Jopie Pengel 1916–1970: Leven en werk van een Surinaamse politicus. Schoorl: Conserve.
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Bruijne, Ad de. (2001). “A City and a Nation: Demographic Trends and Socioeconomic Development in Urbanising Suriname.” In Rosemarijn Hoefte & Peter Meel (Eds.) Twentieth-Century Suriname: Continuities and Discontinuities in a New World Society, pp. 23–47. Kingston: Ian Randle / Leiden: KITLV Press.
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Buddingh’, Hans. (2012). Geschiedenis van Suriname. Utrecht: Het Spectrum. [Orig. 1995.]
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Budike, Fred. (1982). Surinamers naar Nederland: De migratie van 1687–1982. Amsterdam: Instituut Voortgezet Agogisch Beroepsonderwijs.
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Bulmer-Thomas, Victor. (2012). The Economic History of the Caribbean Since the Napoleonic Wars. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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Buschkens, Willem F. L. (1974). The Family System of the Paramaribo Creoles. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
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Campbell, E. E. (1987). Vakbeweging en arbeidsverhoudingen in Suriname. PhD. Dissertation Katholieke Universiteit Brabant.
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Dew, Edward. (1978). The Difficult Flowering of Surinam: Ethnicity and Politics in a Plural Society. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
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Dew, Edward. (1988). “Apanjaht and Revolution in Caribbean Politics: The Case of Suriname.” In Scott B. MacDonald, Harold M. Sandstrom, & Paul B. Goodwin, Jr. (Eds.), The Caribbean After Grenada: Revolution, Conflict, and Democracy, pp. 127–137. New York, NY: Praeger.
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Dijck, Pitou van. (2001). “Continuity and Change in a Small Open Economy: External Dependency and Policy Inconsistencies.” In Rosemarijn Hoefte & Peter Meel (Eds.), Twentieth-Century Suriname: Continuities and Discontinuities in a New World Society, pp. 48–70. Kingston: Ian Randle / Leiden: KITLV Press.
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Ekker, M. H. (1953). Budgetonderzoek gehouden in Suriname in februari-maart 1952: Nota no 1 “De kosten van levensonderhoud”. Paramaribo: Stichting Planbureau Suriname.
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Gobardhan-Rambocus, Lila. (2001). Onderwijs als sleutel tot maatschappelijke vooruitgang: Een taal- en onderwijsgeschiedenis van Suriname, 1651–1975. Zutphen: Walburg Pers.
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Gordijn, W. [1970]. Culturele kroniek ’48–‘68. Amsterdam: Sticusa.
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Hiss, Philip Hanson. (1943). Netherlands America: The Dutch Territories in the West. New York, NY: Duell, Sloan and Pearce.
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Hoppe, R. (1976). “Het politieke systeem van Suriname: Elite-kartel democratie.” Acta Politica 11 (2):145–177.
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Horst, Liesbeth van der. (2004). Wereldoorlog in de West: Suriname, de Nederlandse Antillen en Aruba 1940–1945. Hilversum: Verloren.
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Jansen van Galen, John. (2005). Laatste gouverneur, eerste president: De eeuw van Johan Ferrier, Surinamer. Leiden: KITLV Uitgeverij.
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Jap-A-Joe, Harold, Peter Sjak Shie, & Joop Vernooij. (2001). “The Quest for Respect: Religion and Emancipation in Twentieth-Century Suriname.” In Rosemarijn Hoefte & Peter Meel (Eds.), Twentieth-Century Suriname: Continuities and Discontinuities in a New World Society, pp. 198–219. Kingston: Ian Randle / Leiden: KITLV Press.
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Jones, Guno & Esther Captain. (2010). “De Tweede Wereldoorlog en de verschoven staatkundige verhoudingen met de Oost en de West.” In Esther Captain & Guno Jones (Eds.), Oorlogserfgoed overzee: De erfenis van de Tweede Wereldoorlog in Aruba, Curaçao, Indonesië en Suriname, pp. 36–64. Amsterdam: Bert Bakker.
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Kempen, Michiel van. (2003). Een geschiedenis van de Surinaamse literatuur. 2 vols. Breda: De Geus.
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Koning, Anouk de. (2011b). “Moengo on Strike: The Politics of Labour in Suriname’s Bauxite Industry.” European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies 91: 31–47.
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Marshall, Edwin Kenneth. (2003). Ontstaan en ontwikkeling van het Surinaams nationalisme: Natievorming als opgave. Delft: Eburon.
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Meel, Peter. (1990). “A Reluctant Embrace: Suriname’s Idle Quest for Independence.” In Gary Brana-Shute (Ed.), Resistance and Rebellion in Suriname: Old and New, pp. 259–289. Williamsburg, VA College of William and Mary.
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Meel, Peter. (1994). “Verbroederingspolitiek en nationalisme: Het dekolonisatievraagstuk in de Surinaamse politiek.” Bijdragen en Mededelingen betreffende de Geschiedenis der Nederlanden 109: 638–659.
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Meel, Peter. (1999). Tussen autonomie en onafhankelijkheid: Nederlands-Surinaamse betrekkingen 1954–1961. Leiden: KITLV Uitgeverij.
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Oostindie, Gert. (2000). Paradijs overzee: De “Nederlandse” Caraïben en Nederland. Leiden: KITLV Uitgeverij. [Orig. 1997.]
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Oostindie, Gert & Inge Klinkers. (2003). Decolonising the Caribbean: Dutch Policies in a Comparative Perspective. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
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Pengel, Pearl J. (2006). “Female Soldiers in Suriname 1942–1946.” In Edwin K. Marshall (Ed.), Engagement en distantie: Wetenschap in vele facetten, pp. 33–42. Amsterdam: NiNsee.
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Pos, Hugo. (1995). In triplo: autobiografie. Amsterdam: In de Knipscheer.
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Price, Richard. (2011). Rainforest Warriors: Human Rights on Trial. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
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Ramsoedh, Hans. (2001). “Playing Politics: Ethnicity, Clientelism and the Struggle for Power.” In Rosemarijn Hoefte & Peter Meel (Eds.), Twentieth-Century Suriname: Continuities and Discontinuities in a New World Society, pp. 91–110. Kingston: Ian Randle / Leiden: KITLV Press.
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Rodríguez Beruff, Jorge. (2009). “From Winship to Leahy: Crisis, War, and Transition in Puerto Rico.” In Alfred W. McCoy & Francisco A. Scarano (Eds.), Colonial Crucible: Empire in the Making of the Modern American State, pp. 431–440. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
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Scholtens, Ben. (1991). Suriname tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog. Paramaribo: Anton de Kom Universiteit van Suriname. [Orig. 1985.]
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Scholtens, Bernardus Petrus Canisius. (1994). Bosnegers en overheid in Suriname: De ontwikkeling van de politieke verhouding 1651–1992. Paramaribo: Afdeling Cultuurstudies / Minov.
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Westerloo, Gerard van. (1983). “Suriname, acht jaar onafhankelijk: Een modeldekolonisatie met dodelijke afloop.” In Glenn Willemsen (Ed.), Suriname: De schele onafhankelijkheid, pp. 218–237. Amsterdam: de Arbeiderspers.
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Chapter 5. Bauxite Mining in Moengo: Remnants of the Past and Signs of Modernity
Best, Lloyd & Kari Polanyi Levitt. (2009). Essays on the Theory of Plantation Economy: A Historical and Institutional Approach to Caribbean Economic Development. Kingston: University of the West Indies Press.
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Breunissen, Klaas. (2001). “Ik heb Suriname altijd lief gehad”: Het leven van de Javaan Salikin Hardjo. Leiden: KITLV Uitgeverij.
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Buddingh’, Hans. (2000). Geschiedenis van Suriname. Utrecht: Het Spectrum. [Orig. 1995.]
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Buddingh’, Hans. (2012). Geschiedenis van Suriname. Utrecht: Het Spectrum. [Orig. 1995.]
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Campbell, E. E. (1987). Vakbeweging en arbeidsverhoudingen in Suriname. PhD. Dissertation Katholieke Universiteit Brabant.
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Dijck, Pitou van. (2001). “Continuity and Change in a Small Open Economy: External Dependency and Policy Inconsistencies.” In Rosemarijn Hoefte & Peter Meel (Eds.), Twentieth-Century Suriname: Continuities and Discontinuities in a New World Society, pp. 48–70. Kingston: Ian Randle / Leiden: KITLV Press.
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Girvan, Norman. (1975). Aspects of the Political Economy of Race in the Caribbean and in the Americas. Mona, Kingston: Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of the West Indies, Jamaica.
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Hesselink, G. (1974). De maatschappijstad Moengo en haar omgeving. Amsterdam: Geografisch en Planologisch Instituut van de Vrije Universiteit.
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Hoefte, Rosemarijn. (1998). In Place of Slavery: A Social History of British Indian and Javanese Laborers in Suriname. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.
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Hoogbergen, Wim & Dirk Kruijt. (2005). De oorlog van de sergeanten: Surinaamse militairen in de politiek. Amsterdam: Bert Bakker.
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Josiah, Barbara P. (2011). Migration, Mining, and the African Diaspora: Guyana in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
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Koning, Anouk de. (2011b). “Moengo on Strike: The Politics of Labour in Suriname’s Bauxite Industry.” European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies 91: 31–47.
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Koning, Anouk de. (2011c). “Shadows of the Plantation? A Social History of Suriname’s Bauxite Town Moengo.” New West Indian Guide 85: 215–246.
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Kraan, W. (1928). “Een bezoek aan Moengo.” Paramaribo: De West.
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Lamur, Carlo. (1985). The American Takeover: Industrial Emergence and Alcoa’s Expansion in Guyana and Suriname 1914–1921. Dordrecht: Foris.
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Lie A Kwie, Cor J. & Henk G. Esajas. (Eds.). (1996). 80 jaar bauxietindustrie in Suriname = 80 Years of Bauxite Industry on Suriname. Paramaribo: Suralco L.L.C.
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Oudschans Dentz, Fred. (1921). “De bauxietnijverheid en de stichting van een nieuwe stad in Suriname.” Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 2: 481–508.
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Vries, Ellen de. (2005). Suriname na de binnenlandse oorlog. Amsterdam: KIT Publishers.
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Chapter 6. Economic Collapse, Social Dislocation, and the Military Regime
Boerboom, Harmen & Joost Oranje. (1992). De 8-december moorden: Slagschaduw over Suriname. The Hague: BZZTôH.
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Bosma, Ulbe. (2009). Terug uit de koloniën: Zestig jaar postkoloniale migranten en hun organisaties. Amsterdam: Bert Bakker.
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Bovenkerk, Frank. (1983). “De vlucht: Migratie in de jaren zeventig.” In Glenn Willemsen (Ed.), Suriname: De schele onafhankelijkheid, pp. 152–181. Amsterdam: Synopsis.
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Bruijne, Ad de. (2001). “A City and a Nation: Demographic Trends and Socioeconomic Development in Urbanising Suriname.” In Rosemarijn Hoefte & Peter Meel (Eds.) Twentieth-Century Suriname: Continuities and Discontinuities in a New World Society, pp. 23–47. Kingston: Ian Randle / Leiden: KITLV Press.
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Buddingh’, Hans. (2010). “Een uitgelezen plek voor nieuwsgierige reporters.” In John Leerdam & Noraly Beyer (Eds.), Suriname en ik: Persoonlijke verhalen van bekende Surinamers over hun vaderland, pp. 76–80. Amsterdam: Meulenhoff.
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Budike, Fred. (1982). Surinamers naar Nederland: De migratie van 1687–1982. Amsterdam: Instituut Voortgezet Agogisch Beroepsonderwijs.
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Campbell, E. E. (1987). Vakbeweging en arbeidsverhoudingen in Suriname. PhD. Dissertation Katholieke Universiteit Brabant.
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Campbell, Eddy. (1999). “De vakbeweging en het proces van machtsdeling in Suriname 1975–1996.” Oso 18 (1), 77–88.
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Dew, Edward. (1994). The Trouble in Suriname, 1975–1993. Westport, CT: Praeger.
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Dijkstra, Geske, Niek de Jong, & Rob Vos. (2001). “Social Policies.” In Pitou van Dijck (Ed.), Suriname: The Economy: Prospects for Sustainable Development, pp. 221–245. Kingston: Ian Randle.
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Fernandes Mendes, H. K. (1989). Onafhankelijkheid en parlementair stelsel in Suriname: Hoofdlijnen van een nieuw en democratisch staatsbestel. Zwolle: Tjeenk Willink.
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Graaf, Bob de & Cees Wiebes. (1998). Villa Maarheeze: De geschiedenis van de inlichtingendienst buitenland. The Hague: Sdu Uitgevers.
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Haakmat, André. (1987). De revolutie uitgegleden: Politieke herinneringen. Amsterdam: Uitgeverij Jan Mets.
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Jansen van Galen, John. (2005). Laatste gouverneur, eerste president: De eeuw van Johan Ferrier, Surinamer. Leiden: KITLV Uitgeverij.
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Kromhout, Mayke. (1995). “Gender Relations and Household Management in the Changing Economy of Suriname.” Journal of Social Sciences / Tijdschrift voor Maatschappijwetenschappen 2 (2), 40–52.
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Kromhout, Mayke Yolanda. (2000). Gedeelde smart is halve smart: Hoe vrouwen in Paramaribo hun bestaan organiseren. PhD Dissertation, Universiteit van Amsterdam.
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MacKay, Fergus (Ed.). (2006). Moiwana zoekt gerechtigheid: De strijd van een Marrondorp tegen de staat Suriname. Amsterdam: KIT Publishers.
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Meel, Peter. (1991). “Het mechanisme van de gekwetste trots: Surinaamse ‘revolutie’ in historisch perspectief.” Internationale Spectator 45 (5), 312–319.
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Meel, Peter. (1993). “The March of Militarization in Suriname.” In Anthony Payne & Paul Sutton (Eds.), Modern Caribbean Politics, pp. 125–146. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
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Menke, Jack. (1998). Restructuring Urban Employment and Poverty: The Case of Suriname. Paramaribo: SWI Press.
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Ramsoedh, Hans. (2001). “Playing Politics: Ethnicity, Clientelism and the Struggle for Power.” In Rosemarijn Hoefte & Peter Meel (Eds.), Twentieth-Century Suriname: Continuities and Discontinuities in a New World Society, pp. 91–110. Kingston: Ian Randle / Leiden: KITLV Press.
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Schalkwijk, Aart & Ad de Bruijne. (1997). Van Mon Plaisir tot Ephraïmszegen: Welstand, etniciteit en woonpatronen in Paramaribo. Paramaribo: Leo Victor.
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Schalkwijk, Marten. (1994). Suriname, het steentje in de Nederlandse schoen: Van onafhankelijkheid tot Raamverdrag. Paramaribo: Firgos Suriname.
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Shultz, George P. (1993). Turmoil and Triumph: My Years as Secretary of State. New York, NY: Charles Scribner’s Sons.
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Verhey, Elma & Gerard van Westerloo. (1983). Het legergroene Suriname. Amsterdam: Weekbladpers.
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Verrest, H. (2010). “Coping in Times of Crisis: Livelihoods in Suriname 1982–1994.” Paper, KITLV Leiden
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Wekker, Gloria. (2001). “Of Mimic Men and Unruly Women: Family, Sexuality and Gender in Twentieth-Century Suriname.” In Rosemarijn Hoefte & Peter Meel (Eds.) Twentieth-Century Suriname: Continuities and Discontinuities in a New World Society, pp. 174–197. Kingston: Ian Randle / Leiden: KITLV Press.
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Westerloo, Gerard van. (1983). “Suriname, acht jaar onafhankelijk: Een modeldekolonisatie met dodelijke afloop.” In Glenn Willemsen (Ed.), Suriname: De schele onafhankelijkheid, pp. 218–237. Amsterdam: de Arbeiderspers.
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Chapter 7. The Development of Paramaribo in the Second Half of the Century
ABS (Algemeen Bureau voor de Statistiek). (1965). Surinaamse volkstelling 1964: Distrikt Paramaribo (exclusief beperkte telling). Paramaribo: Author.
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ABS (Algemeen Bureau voor de Statistiek). (1972). Voorlopig resultaat vierde algemene volkstelling (The Fourth General Population Census, A Preliminary Report). Paramaribo: Author.
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ABS (Algemeen Bureau voor de Statistiek). (2001). Poverty Lines and Poverty in Suriname. Paramaribo: Author.
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ABS (Algemeen Bureau voor de Statistiek). (2002). Consumer Price Indexes and Inflation in Suriname since 1954 (An Account). Paramaribo: Author.
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ABS (Algemeen Bureau voor de Statistiek). (2005). Suriname Census 2004: Volume I: Sociale en demografische karakteristieken. Paramaribo: Author.
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ABS (Algemeen Bureau voor de Statistiek). (2006b). Suriname Census 2004: Districtsresultaten Volume I: Paramaribo. Paramaribo: Author.
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ABS (Algemeen Bureau voor de Statistiek). (2009). Household Budget Survey 2007/2008.Volume III Final Results per Stratum. Paramaribo: Author.
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Bakker, Freek. (2009). “The Never-Ending Struggle of the Surinamese East Indians.” Paper presented at the conference “Multiculturalism, Religion and Legal Status in the Dutch Colonial World, c. 1600-c. 1960.” Instituut voor Nederlandse Geschiedenis, The Hague, January 21–23.
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Blufpand, Yves. (2006). “Paramaribo op orde: Structuurvisie Groot-Paramaribo 2020.” MSc. thesis, Delft University of Technology.
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Bruijne, Ad de. (2001). “A City and a Nation: Demographic Trends and Socioeconomic Development in Urbanising Suriname.” In Rosemarijn Hoefte & Peter Meel (Eds.) Twentieth-Century Suriname: Continuities and Discontinuities in a New World Society, pp. 23–47. Kingston: Ian Randle / Leiden: KITLV Press.
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Bruijne, G. A. de. (1976a). Bijdragen tot de sociale geografie van de ontwikkelingslanden.Bussum: Romen.
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Bruijne, G. A. de. (1976b). Paramaribo, stadsgeografische studies van een ontwikkelingsland. Bussum: Romen.
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Bruijne, Ad de & Aart Schalkwijk. (2008). “Ethnic Residential Patterns in Paramaribo: Spatial Segregation or Blending?” In Rivke Jaffe (Ed.), The Caribbean City, pp. 162–188. Kingston: Ian Randle / Leiden: KITLV Press.
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Bureau Sociale Rechtzorg. (1988). Tevreden huurders en verhuurders. Paramaribo: Ministerie van Justitie.
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Buschkens, Willem F. L. (1974). The Family System of the Paramaribo Creoles. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
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Clarke, Colin & David Howard. (2008). “Class, Unemployment and Housing Problems in Kingston, Jamaica since Independence.” In Rivke Jaffe (Ed.), The Caribbean City, pp. 123–161. Kingston and Miami: Ian Randle / Leiden: KITLV Press.
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Dasgupta, Susmita, Benoit Laplante, Craig Meisner, David Wheeler, & Jianping Yan. (2007). The Impact of Sea Level Rise on Developing Countries: A Comparative Analysis. Washington DC: World Bank.
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Dijkstra, Geske, Niek de Jong, & Rob Vos. (2001). “Social Policies.” In Pitou van Dijck (Ed.), Suriname: The Economy: Prospects for Sustainable Development, pp. 221–245. Kingston: Ian Randle.
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Djasmadi, Lisa, Rosemarijn Hoefte, & Hariëtte Mingoen. (2010). Migratie en cultureel erfgoed: Verhalen van Javanen in Suriname, Indonesië en Nederland. Leiden: KITLV Press, 2010.
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Ellis, R. Evan. (2012). “Suriname and the Chinese: Timber, Migration, and Less-Told Stories of Globalization.” SAIS Review 31 (2), 85–97.
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Gobardhan-Rambocus, Lila. (2001). Onderwijs als sleutel tot maatschappelijke vooruitgang: Een taal- en onderwijsgeschiedenis van Suriname, 1651–1975. Zutphen: Walburg Pers.
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Goodenough, Suzanne S. (1976). Race, Status and Residence, Port of Spain, Trinidad: A Study of Social and Residential Differentiation and Change. PhD Dissertation, University of the West Indies.
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Hengst-Kleijn, C. A. M. den. (1973). Onderzoek van drie projekten van de stichting volkshuisvesting Suriname: Tammenga, Peu et Content en Marowijne. Paramaribo: Ministerie van Arbeid en Volkshuisvesting.
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Jaffe, Rivke, Ad de Bruijne, & Aart Schalkwijk. (2008). “The Caribbean City: An Introduction.” In Rivke Jaffe (Ed.), The Caribbean City, pp. 1–23. Kingston: Ian Randle / Leiden: KITLV Press.
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Klooster, Olga van der & Michiel Bakker. (2009). Architectuur en bouwcultuur in Suriname. Amsterdam: KIT Publishers.
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Koning, Anouk de. (2011a). “Beyond Ethnicity: Writing Caribbean Histories through Social Spaces.” Latin American and Caribbean Ethnic Studies 6 (3), 259–282.
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Kromhout, Mayke Yolanda. (2000). Gedeelde smart is halve smart: Hoe vrouwen in Paramaribo hun bestaan organiseren. PhD Dissertation, Universiteit van Amsterdam.
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Linnekamp, F., A. Koedam, & I. S. A. Baud. (2011). “Household Vulnerability to Climate Change: Examining Perceptions of Households of Flood Risks in Georgetown and Paramaribo.” Habitat International 35 (3), 447–456.
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Lommerse, Hanneke. (2008). “Population Figures.” In Gert Oostindie (Ed.), Dutch Colonialism, Migration and Cultural Heritage, pp. 315–342. Leiden: KITLV Press.
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Maks, Marion & Ad de Bruijne. (2008). Bouwen aan een fundament: Een programma voor beleidsondersteunend onderzoek voor de sector huisvesting. Deel 1. Hoofdrapport. Paramaribo: MaksConsultancy.
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McGranahan, Gordon, Deborah Balk, & Bridget Anderson. (2007). “The Rising Tide: Assessing the Risks of Climate Change and Human Settlements in Low Elevation Coastal Zones.” Environment and Urbanization 19 (1), 17–37.
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Ockhorst, Annika. (2012). Lachen, huilen en bevrijden: De weerspiegeling van de Surinaamse samenleving in het werk van het Doe-theater, 1970–1983. Leiden: Brill.
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Oostburg. B. J. F. (1995). 25 jaar Universiteit van Suriname. Paramaribo: Anton de Kom Universiteit van Suriname.
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Potter, R. B. (1993). “Urbanization in the Caribbean and Trends of Global Convergence-Divergence.” The Geographical Journal 159 (1), 1–21.
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Potter, R. B. (1998). “From Plantopolis to Mini-Metropolis in the Eastern Caribbean: Reflections on Urban Sustainability.” In Duncan F. M. McGregor, David Barker, & Sally Lloyd Evans (Eds.), Resource Sustainability and Caribbean Development, pp. 51–68. Barbados: The Press University of the West Indies.
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Potter, R. B. (2000). The Urban Caribbean in an Era of Global Change. Aldershot: Ashgate.
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Reeser, Pepijn. (2012). Verzamelaars en volksopvoeders: Surinaamse musea 1863–2012. Leiden: KITLV Press.
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Struiken, Harald & Chris Healy. (2003). “Suriname: The Challenge of Formulating Land Policy.” In Allan N. Williams (Ed.), Land in the Caribbean: Issues of Policy,Administration and Management in the English-Speaking Caribbean, pp. 315–343. Mount Horeb, WI: Terra Institute.
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Temminck Groll, C. L., A. Tjin a Djie, A. R. H. Hollestee, Johanna Krooshof, R. Rubenstein, & Thea M. Luykx. (1973). De architectuur van Suriname 1667–1930. Zutphen: Walburg Press.
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Theije, Marjo de. (2006). “Transnationalism in Surinam: Brazilian Migrants in Paramaribo.” In Ruben Gowricharn (Ed.), Caribbean Transnationalism: Migration, Pluralization, and Social Cohesion, pp. 117–135. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
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Tjon Sie Fat, Paul. (2007). “‘Immigratie van Chinezen schijnt de laatste jaren toe te nemen’: Het anti-Chinese discours in Suriname.” Oso 26 (1), 61–80.
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Tjon Sie Fat, Paul B. (2010). “Old Migrants, New Immigration and Anti-Chinese Discourse in Suriname.” In Walton Look Lai & Tan Chee-Beng (Eds.), The Chinese in Latin America and the Caribbean, pp. 185–209. Leiden: Brill.
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UNDP (United Nations Development Programme). (2012). Caribbean Human Development Report 2012: Human Development and the Shift to Better Citizen Security. New York, NY: Author.
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Verrest, H. (1998). “Je diploma is je eerste man: Takenpakketten en sociale netwerken van dochters als bestaansverwervingsstrategieën van huishoudens in Paramaribo, Suriname.” MA Thesis, Universiteit van Amsterdam.
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Verrest, H. (2007a). “Ik groet maar bemoei niet: Bestaansverwerving, huisgebonden economische activiteiten en sociale relaties in Nieuwweergevondenweg, Paramaribo.” Oso 26 (1), 100–122.
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Verrest, H. (2007b). Home-based Economic Activities and Caribbean Urban Livelihoods: Vulnerability, Ambition and Impact in Paramaribo and Port of Spain. Amsterdam: Vossiuspers.
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Verrest, H. (2009). “City Profile: Paramaribo.” Cities 27 (1), 50–60.
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Verrest, H. (2010). “Coping in Times of Crisis: Livelihoods in Suriname 1982–1994.” Paper, KITLV Leiden
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Verrest, H. & J. Post. (2007). “Home-based Economic Activities, Livelihoods and Space in Paramaribo, Suriname.” International Development Planning Review 29 (2), 161–184.
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Vries, Ellen de. (2005). Suriname na de binnenlandse oorlog. Amsterdam: KIT Publishers.
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Welvaartsfonds, Suriname. (1954): Tweede algemeene Volkstelling Suriname 1950. De eigenlijke volkstelling. Vol. II, Serie A: Aantal, Landaard en Geslacht, Geographische Spreiding, Leeftijdsopbouw en Herkomst der getelde woonbevolking: Paramaribo. Paramaribo: Author.
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Welvaartsfonds, Suriname. (1956a). Tweede Algemeene Volkstelling Suriname 1950. De eigenlijke Volkstelling. Vol. X, Serie A: Aantal, Landaard en Geslacht, Geographische Spreiding, Leeftijdsopbouw en Herkomst der getelde woonbevolking: Geheel Suriname. Paramaribo: Author.
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Welvaartsfonds, Suriname. (1956b). Tweede Algemeene Volkstelling Suriname 1950. Het sociaal-economisch en cultureel onderzoek. Vol. XXIII, Serie E: Woning en Gezinstelling: Aantal, spreiding, soort en bezetting der woningen; Woningtelling. Paramaribo: Author.
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Werners, S. (1995). Gedenkboek Universiteit van Suriname. Paramaribo: Anton de Kom Universiteit van Suriname.
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Chapter 8. Leaving the Scene: A New Century
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ABS (Algemeen Bureau voor de Statistiek). (2003). Suriname Census 2003: Voorlopig verslag (Suriname Population Census 2003: Preliminary Report). Paramaribo: Author.
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ABS (Algemeen Bureau voor de Statistiek). (2006a). Report on the Census 2004 Coverage and Evaluation-Suriname. Paramaribo: Author.
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ABS (Algemeen Bureau voor de Statistiek). (2006c). Suriname Census 2004: Districtsresultaten Volume III: Nickerie. Paramaribo: Author.
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ABS (Algemeen Bureau voor de Statistiek). (2009). Household Budget Survey 2007/2008.Volume III Final Results per Stratum. Paramaribo: Author.
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Accord, Irma. (1986). “Guyanese en Haitiaanse arbeidsmigranten in Suriname.” AWIC Nieuwsbrief 3 (2), 27–35.
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Amoksi, Martine. (2011). “Het nieuwe zelfbeeld van de Marronvrouw anno 2011: De traditiegetrouwe tegenover de geïntegreerde en de ontwortelde vrouw.” His/herTori: Tijdschrift voor Surinaamse geschiedenis en cultuur 2: 28–38.
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Banks, Helga. (2011). “Integratie van Suriname in de CARICOM in historisch perspectief, 1973–2008: Een moeizaam maar positief proces.” His/herTori: Tijdschrift voor Surinaamse geschiedenis en cultuur 2: 17–27.
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Barrow, Christine. (2002). “Introduction: Children’s Rights and the Caribbean Experience.” In Christine Barrow (Ed.), Children’s Rights: Caribbean Realities, pp. xiii–xxxv. Kingston: Ian Randle.
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Blanksma, Anne. (2006). “Etniciteit en nationalisme tijdens de Surinaamse verkiezingscampagne in mei 2005.” Oso 25 (1), 149–165.
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Brana-Shute, Rosemary. (1993). “Neighbourhood Networks & National Politics among Working-class Afro-Surinamese Women.” In Janet Momsen (Ed.), Women & Change in the Caribbean: A Pan-Caribbean Perspective, pp. 132–149. Kingston: Ian Randle / Bloomington: Indiana University Press / London: James Currey.
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Brown, Janet. (2002). “Parental Resistance to Child Rights in Jamaica.” In Christine Barrow (Ed.), Children’s Rights: Caribbean Realities, pp. 113–131. Kingston: Ian Randle.
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Bruijne, Ad de. (2001). “A City and a Nation: Demographic Trends and Socioeconomic Development in Urbanising Suriname.” In Rosemarijn Hoefte & Peter Meel (Eds.) Twentieth-Century Suriname: Continuities and Discontinuities in a New World Society, pp. 23–47. Kingston: Ian Randle / Leiden: KITLV Press.
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Bruijne, Ad de. (2004). Suriname: Neem toekomst binnen de smalle marges. [Paramaribo]: Vereniging Surinaams Bedrijfsleven.
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Bruijne, Ad de & Aart Schalkwijk. (1994). Kondreman en P’tata: Nederland als referentiekader voor Surinamers. Paramaribo: Leo Victor.
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Bruijne, Ad de & Aart Schalkwijk. (2005). “The Position and Residential Patterns of Ethnic Groups in Paramaribo’s Development in the Twentieth Century.” New West Indian Guide 79: 239–271.
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Buddingh’, Hans. (2012). Geschiedenis van Suriname. Utrecht: Het Spectrum. [Orig. 1995.]
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Bulmer-Thomas, Victor. (2012). The Economic History of the Caribbean Since the Napoleonic Wars. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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Caprino, Mildred. (1999–2000). “Vrouwen in de marge van de nationale politiekvoering: Politieke ambitie is meer dan een oppervlakte gevecht.” SWI Forum 16 (2) / 17 (1), 68–76.
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Carlin, Eithne B. & Diederik van Goethem. (2009). In the Shadow of the Tiger: The Amerindians of Suriname. Amsterdam: KIT Publishers.
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Corrales, Javier & Michael Penfold. (2011). Dragon in the Tropics: Hugo Chávez and the Political Economy of Revolution in Venezuela. Washington DC: Brookings Institution Press.
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Dijck, Pitou van. (2001). “Continuity and Change in a Small Open Economy: External Dependency and Policy Inconsistencies.” In Rosemarijn Hoefte & Peter Meel (Eds.), Twentieth-Century Suriname: Continuities and Discontinuities in a New World Society, pp. 48–70. Kingston: Ian Randle / Leiden: KITLV Press.
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Dijck, Pitou van (Ed.). (2004). De toekomst van de relatie Nederland-Suriname. Amsterdam: Rozenberg.
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Dijck, Pitou van. (2011). “Suriname’s Economic Variables in the Context of Strategic Culture.” Paper presented at “Suriname Strategic Culture Workshop,” Florida International University, Miami, November 3.
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Dijck, Pitou van. (2013). The Impact of the IIRSA Road Infrastructure Programme on Amazonia. London: Routledge.
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Dijkstra, Geske, Niek de Jong, & Rob Vos. (2001). “Social Policies.” In Pitou van Dijck (Ed.), Suriname: The Economy: Prospects for Sustainable Development, pp. 221–245. Kingston: Ian Randle.
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Domingo, Vernon. (2011). “Suriname: Geographic Elements of Strategic Culture.” Paper presented at “Suriname Strategic Culture Workshop,” Florida International University, Miami, November 3.
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Egger, Jerome. (2006). “Toenemende invloed, grote verdeeldheid: De vakbeweging in Suriname, 1975–2005.” In Eric Jagdew et al. (Eds.), Een Liber Amicorum voor André Loor, pp. 152–173. Paramaribo: Instituut Opleiding Leraren.
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Ellis, R. Evan. (2012). “Suriname and the Chinese: Timber, Migration, and Less-Told Stories of Globalization.” SAIS Review 31 (2), 85–97.
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Evers, Ivo & Pieter Van Maele. (2012). Bouterse aan de macht. Amsterdam: De Bezige Bij.
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Ferguson, James. (2005). “Seeing Like an Oil Company: Space, Security, and Global Capital in Neoliberal Africa.” American Anthropologist 107 (3), 377–382.
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Infomation about the author(s)

Rosemarijn Hoefte is Senior Researcher and coordinator of the Caribbean Expert Center at KITLV/Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies in Leiden, the Netherlands. Her previous publications include (with Lisa Djasmadi & Hariëtte Mingoen) Migratie en cultureel erfgoed: Verhalen van Javanen in Suriname, Indonesië en Nederland (2010), (with Peter Meel & Hans Renders eds) Tropenlevens: De [post]koloniale biografie (2008), (with co-editor Peter Meel) Twentieth-Century Suriname: Continuities and Discontinuities in a New World Society (2001), and In Place of Slavery: A Social History of British Indian and Javanese Laborers in Suriname (1998).

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The Development of Paramaribo in the Second Half of the Century

Hebe Verrest

Visitors to early twentieth-century Suriname would enter Paramaribo from the wharf in the Suriname River. Their first sight was the row of impressive colonial mansions along the Waterkant. Looking to their right, they would see Fort Zeelandia, located along Oranjeplein, the main city square. The tropical breeze would mitigate the colony’s oppressive humidity and motorized traffic was sparse. Since the 1960s, Zanderij airport, later renamed Johan Adolf Pengel International Airport, has become the main entrance point to Suriname. Consequently, entering the city has become a very different experience. The airport is situated approximately 40 kilometers south of Paramaribo in the district of Para and can be reached only by a two-lane road. Traffic south of Lelydorp indicates that a plane is due to arrive or depart. Driving along the road toward the city one travels through the savannah demarcating the transition from the rainforest to the coastal zone. Tiny Amerindian and Maroon settlements break the monotony of woods and grasslands. This changes abruptly when entering Lelydorp. This former desa has evolved into a bustling suburb, well known for its Javanese food stalls. After Lelydorp, the sprawl of modern-day Paramaribo begins in the district of Wanica. Significantly, the road that was known as Pad van Wanica (Wanica Path) has been renamed Indira Gandhiweg (weg means road), reflecting urbanization as well as Hindustani emancipation and globalization.

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Additional Details

Book DOI:: 10.1057/9781137360137
Chapter DOI:: 10.1057/9781137360137.0011

eBook ISBNs:: 9781137360137 PDF; 9781137360144 EPUB

Print ISBNs:: 9781137360120 HB

Book Pages:: 312 pp
Chapter Pages:: 28 pp

MARC Records:: Download

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