The study of Muslim experiences in and with Europe during the interwar period is still in its initial phase. Addressing a gap, this volume brings together the insights of an interdisciplinary group of scholars who examine Muslim networks and actors in interwar Europe with a particular focus on the transnational dimensions of their activities. Drawing on official and personal archives and contemporary writings that have been largely ignored in the study of Europe, the contributors place Muslim activities within global political and intellectual history. They analyze significant socio-political ideals and religious affiliations, as well as the broader social, political, religious, and cultural mobility patterns of Muslims as new social actors in the Europe of that era. Together, the chapters reveal the importance of the geopolitical and intellectual East–West networks of the interwar period.
Edited by
Götz Nordbruch and
Umar Ryad . (June 2014).
Transnational Islam in Interwar Europe
. [Online] Available at: http://www.palgraveconnect.com/pc/doifinder/10.1057/9781137387042.0004. (Accessed: 20 November 2016).
APA
Edited by
Götz Nordbruch and
Umar Ryad . (June 2014).
Transnational Islam in Interwar Europe
. Retrieved from http://www.palgraveconnect.com/pc/doifinder/10.1057/9781137387042.0004
MLA
Edited by
Götz Nordbruch and
Umar Ryad .
Transnational Islam in Interwar Europe
. (June 2014) Palgrave Macmillan. 20 November 2016.
Vancouver
Edited by
Götz Nordbruch and
Umar Ryad .
Transnational Islam in Interwar Europe
[internet]. New York: Palgrave Macmillan; June 2014. [cited 2016 November 20]. Available from: http://www.palgraveconnect.com/pc/doifinder/10.1057/9781137387042.0004
OSCOLA
Edited by
Götz Nordbruch and
Umar Ryad ,
Transnational Islam in Interwar Europe
, Palgrave Macmillan June 2014
David Motadel
. (June 2014). '
The Making of Muslim Communities in Western Europe, 1914–1939
' in
Transnational Islam in Interwar Europe
pp.13–44. [Online] Available at: http://www.palgraveconnect.com/pc/doifinder/10.1057/9781137387042.0004. (Accessed: 20 November 2016).
APA
David Motadel
. (June 2014).
The Making of Muslim Communities in Western Europe, 1914–1939
. In
Transnational Islam in Interwar Europe
. (pp.13–44). Retrieved from http://www.palgraveconnect.com/pc/doifinder/10.1057/9781137387042.0004
MLA
David Motadel
. "
The Making of Muslim Communities in Western Europe, 1914–1939
".
Transnational Islam in Interwar Europe
. (June 2014); 13–44. Palgrave Macmillan. 20 November 2016.
Vancouver
David Motadel
.
Transnational Islam in Interwar Europe
[internet]. New York: Palgrave Macmillan; June 2014.
The Making of Muslim Communities in Western Europe, 1914–1939
[cited 2016 November 20]. Available from: http://www.palgraveconnect.com/pc/doifinder/10.1057/9781137387042.0004
OSCOLA
David Motadel
,
The Making of Muslim Communities in Western Europe, 1914–1939
, Palgrave Macmillan June 2014
Introduction: Toward a Transnational History of Islam and Muslims in Interwar Europe
Ansari, Humayun. “Between Collaboration and Resistance: Muslim Soldiers’ Identities and Loyalties in the Two World Wars.” Arches Quarterly 4 (2011): 18–29.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Ansari, Humayun, ed. The Making of the East London Mosque, 1910–1951: Minutes of the London Mosque Fund and East London Mosque Trust Ltd. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Cleveland, W. L. Islam against the West: Shakib Arslan and the Campaign for Islamic Nationalism. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1985.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Coller, Ian. Arab France: Islam and the Making of Modern Europe, 1798–1831. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2010.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Dawn, E. C. “The Formation of Pan-Arab Ideology in the Interwar Period.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 20.1 (1988): 67–90.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Höpp, Gerhard. Arabische und islamische Periodika in Berlin und Brandenburg 1915 bis 1945: geschichtlicher Abriss und Bibliographie. Berlin: Das Arabische Buch, 1994.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Manela, Erez. The Wilsonian Moment: Self-Determination and the International Origins of Anticolonial Nationalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Naddaf, Sandra. “Mirrored Images: Rifa’ah al-Tahtawi and the West.” Alif: Journal of Comparative Poetics 6 (Spring, 1986): 73–83.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Ryad, Umar. “Among the Believers in the Land of the Colonizer: Mohammed Ali Van Beetem’s Role Among the Indonesian Community in the Netherlands in the Interwar Period.” Journal of Religion in Europe 5.2 (2012): 273–310.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Ryad, Umar. Documents on the German Arms Trade in the Arabian Peninsula: Readings in the Archive of Zeki Kiram (Arabic). Cairo: National Archives of Egypt, Documentary Studies Series, no. 2, 2011.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Ryad, Umar. “From an Officer in the Ottoman Army to a Muslim Publicist and Armament Agent in Berlin: Zeki Hishmat Kiram (1886–1946).” Bibliotheca Orientalis 63.3–4 (2006): 235–268.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Stovall, Tyler. Paris and the Spirit of 1919: Consumer Struggles, Transnationalism, and Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Abdullah, M. Salim. Und gab ihnen sein Königswort: Berlin-Preußen-Bundesrepublik: Ein Abriß der Geschichte der islamischen Minderheit in Deutschland. Altenberge, Germany: Cis, 1987.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Allievi, Stefano and Jørgen S. Nielsen, eds. Muslim Networks and Transnational Communities in and across Europe. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2003.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Ansari, Humayun. “Processes of Institutionalisation of Islam in England and Wales, 1830s-1930s.” In Muslims in Europe: From Margin to the Centre, edited by Jamal Malik, 601–641. Münster, Germany: Lit, 2004.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Ansari, Humayun. “The Woking Mosque: A Case Study of Muslim Engagement with British Society since 1889.” Immigrants and Minorities 21.3 (2002): 1–24.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Arkoun, Mohammed, ed. Histoire de l’Islam et des Musulmans en France du Moyen Age à Nos Jours. Paris: Albin Michel, 2006.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Backhausen, Manfred. Die Lahore-Ahmadiyya-Bewegung in Europa: Geschichte, Gegenwart und Zukunft der als ‘Lahore-Ahmadiyya-Bewegung zur Verbreitung islamischen Wissens’ bekannten internationalen islamischen Gemeinschaft. Lahore and Wembley, UK: Ahmadiyya Anjuman Lahore Publication, 2008.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Bennison, Amira K. “Muslim Universalism and Western Globalisation.” In Globalization in World History, 601–641. London: W. W. Norton, 2002.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Benzing, Johannes. “Berliner politische Veröffentlichungen der Türken aus der Sowjetunion.” Die Welt des Islams 18 (1936): 122–31.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Böer, Ingeborg, Ruth Haerkötter, and Petra Kappert, eds. Türken in Berlin, 1871–1945: Eine Metropole in den Erinnerungen osmanischer und türkischer Zeitzeugen. Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2002.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Brint, Steven. “Gemeinschaft Revisited: A Critique and Reconstruction of the Community Concept.” Sociological Theory 19.1 (2001): 1–23.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Byrne, David. “Class, Race and Nation: The Politics of the ‘Arab Issue’ in South Shields 1919–39.” In Ethnic Labour and British Imperial Trade: A History of Ethnic Seafarers in the UK, edited by Diane Frost, 601–641. London: Routledge, 1995.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Coller, Ian. Arab France: Islam and the Making of Modern Europe, 1798–1831. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2009.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Crinson, Mark. “The Mosque and the Metropolis.” In Orientalism’s Interlocutors: Painting, Architecture, Photography, edited by Jill Beaulieu and Mary Roberts, 601–641. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2002.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
d’Adler, Marie-Ange. Le Cimetière Musulman de Bobigny: Lieu de Mémoire d’un Siècle d’Immigration. Paris: Autrement, 2005.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Fetzer Joel S. and J. Christopher Soper. Muslims and the State in Britain, France and Germany. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
German Federal National Archives Berlin-Lichterfelde (BA), R87/2080 (Ahmadiyya Anjuman Ishat-i-Islam).
» Search Google
German Federal National Archives Berlin-Lichterfelde (BA), R8034 II/2787 (Reichslandbund Pressearchiv: Kirchen und Sekten, 1915–1919).
» Search Google
German Federal National Archives Berlin-Lichterfelde (BA), R8034 II/2788 (Reichslandbund Pressearchiv: Kirchen und Sekten, 1919–1931).
» Search Google
German Federal National Archives Berlin-Lichterfelde (BA), R8034 II/2789 (Reichslandbund Pressearchiv: Kirchen und Sekten, 1931–1935).
» Search Google
German Federal National Archives Berlin-Lichterfelde (BA), R8034 II/2790 (Reichslandbund Pressearchiv: Kirchen und Sekten, 1935–1944).
» Search Google
German Federal National Archives Berlin-Lichterfelde (BA), R58/599 (Reichssicherheitshauptamt, Beobachtung der islamischen Gemeinde Berlin, 1933–1947).
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Gilyazov, Iskander. “Die Wolgatataren und Deutschland im ersten Drittel des 20. Jahrhunderts.” In Muslim Culture in Russia and Central Asia from the 18th to the Early 20th Centuries, edited by Michael Kemper et al., 2 vols, vol. 2, 335–353. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz, 1996–1998.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Gussone, Martin. “Die Moschee im Wünsdorfer Halbmondlager: Die symbolische Inbesitznahme einer Architektonischen Ikone.” Paper, 3rd Colloquium of the Ernst-Herzfeld-Gesellschaft, Vienna, 2007.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Haddad, Yvonne Yazbeck. “The Globalisation of Islam: The Return of Muslims to the West.” In The Oxford History of Islam, edited by John L. Esposito, 601–641. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Halliday, Fred. Arabs in Exile: Yemeni Migrants in Urban Britain. London: IB Tauris, 1992 (republished in 2010 as Britain’s First Muslims: Portrait of an Arab Community).
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Halliday, Fred. “The Millet of Manchester: Arab Merchants and Cotton Trade.” British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 19.2 (1992): 159–176.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Hodgson, Marshall G. S. Rethinking World History: Essays on Europe, Islam, and World History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Höpp, Gerhard. “Arabs in Berlin: The Political and Journalistic Activities of Arab Anti-Colonialists in the Capital of the Reich, 1918–1928.” Asia, Africa, Latin America, Special Issue 18 (1986): 94–110.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Höpp, Gerhard. Arabische und Islamische Periodika in Berlin und Brandenburg 1915–1945: Geschichtlicher Abriß und Bibliographie. Berlin: Das Arabische Buch, 1994.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Höpp, Gerhard. “Arabische und Islamische Periodika in Deutschland: Initiatoren und Ziele (1915–1929).” Moslemische Revue 3 (1991): 150–155; 4 (1991): 224–232; and 1 (1992): 49–58.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Höpp, Gerhard. “Die Wünsdorfer Moschee: Eine Episode Islamischen Lebens in Deutschland, 1915–1930.” Die Welt des Islams 36.2 (1996): 204–218.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Höpp, Gerhard, ed. Fremde Erfahrungen: Asiaten und Afrikaner in Deutschland, Österreich und in der Schweiz bis 1945. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz, 1996.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Höpp, Gerhard. Muslime in der Mark: Als Kriegsgefangene und Internierte in Wünsdorf und Zossen, 1914–1924. Berlin: Das Arabische Buch, 1997.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Höpp, Gerhard. “Muslime unterm Hakenkreuz: Zur Entstehung des Islamischen Zentralinstituts zu Berlin e.V.” Moslemische Revue 1 (1994): 16–27.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Höpp, Gerhard. Texte aus der Fremde: Arabische politische Publizistik in Deutschland, 1896–1945: Eine Bibliographie. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz, 2000.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Höpp, Gerhard. “Zwischen Moschee und Demonstration: Muslime in Berlin, 1920–1930.” Moslemische Revue 3 (1990): 135–146; 4 (1990): 230–238; and 1 (1991): 13–19.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Höpp, Gerhard and Brigitte Reinwald, eds. Fremdeinsätze: Afrikaner und Asiaten in Europäischen Kriegen 1914–1945. Berlin: Das Arabische Buch, 2000.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Höpp, Gerhard and Gerdien Jonker, eds. In fremder Erde: Zur Geschichte und Gegenwart der Islamischen Bestattung in Deutschland. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz, 1996.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Jenkins, Everett Jr. The Muslim Diaspora: A Comprehensive Reference to the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas 1500–1799. New York: Mcfarland, 2000.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Kukawka Katia and Sophie Daynes, eds. L’Hôpital Avicenne, 1935–2005: Une Histoire sans Frontières. Paris: Musée de l’Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 2005.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Lawless, Richard. From Ta’izz to Tyneside: An Arab Community in the North-East of England during the Early Twentieth Century. Exeter: University of Exeter Press, 1995.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Lawless, Richard. “Religion and Politics among Arab Seafarers in Britain in the Early Twentieth Century.” Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations 5.1 (1994): 35–56.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Liebau, Heike. “The Kheiri Brothers and the Question of World Order after World War I.” Orient Bulletin: History and Cultures in Asia, the Middle East and Africa (December 13, 2007): 3–4.
» Search Google
Manjapra, Kris. The Mirrored World: Cosmopolitan Encounter between Indian Anti-Colonial Intellectuals and German Radicals, 1905–1939. PhD dissertation, Harvard University, 2007.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Metcalf, Barbara Daly, ed. Making Muslim Space in North America and Europe. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Municipal Archive (Landesarchiv) Berlin (LArchB), B Rep. 042 (Amtsgericht Charlottenburg), No. 26590 (Islamische Gemeinde zu Berlin, 1922– 1955).
» Search Google
Municipal Archive (Landesarchiv) Berlin (LArchB), A Pr. Br. Rep 030–04 (Polizeipräsidium Berlin, Vereine), No. 513 (Islamische Gemeinde zu Berlin, 1936).
» Search Google
Municipal Archive (Landesarchiv) Berlin (LArchB), A Pr. Br. Rep 030–04 (Polizeipräsidium Berlin, Vereine), No. 2314 (Islam-Institut, 1939–1940).
» Search Google
Municipal Archive (Landesarchiv) Berlin (LArchB), A Pr. Br. Rep. 030–04 (Polizeipräsidium Berlin, Vereine), No. 2840 (Islamisches Zentral-Institut zu Berlin).
» Search Google
Municipal Archive (Landesarchiv) Berlin (LArchB), A Pr. Br. Rep. 030–04 (Polizeipräsidium Berlin, Vereine), No. 1350 (Deutsch-Muslimische Gesellschaft zur Förderung des Islam durch Aufklärungsarbeiten, 1936– 1939).
» Search Google
Municipal Archive (Landesarchiv) Berlin (LArchB), B Rep. 042 (Amtsgericht Charlottenburg), No. 9021 (Sufi-Bewegung Berlin, 1925–1935).
» Search Google
Municipal Archive (Landesarchiv) Berlin (LArchB), A Pr. Br. Rep 030–04 (Polizeipräsidium Berlin, Vereine), No. 1523 (Islamischer Weltkongress zu Berlin, 1933–1941).
» Search Google
Noiriel, G érard. Immigration, Antisémitisme et Racisme en France (XIXe–XXe Siècle): Discours Publics, Humiliations Privées. Paris: Fayard, 2009.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Pautremat, Pascal le. La Politique Musulmane de la France au XXe Siècle: De I’Hexagone aux Terres d’Islam. Paris: Maisonneuve et Larose, 2003.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Political Archives of the German Foreign Office (PA), R78240 (Religions- und Kirchenwesen: Islam, 1924–28).
» Search Google
Political Archives of the German Foreign Office (PA), R78241 (Religions- und Kirchenwesen: Islam, 1928–31).
» Search Google
Political Archives of the German Foreign Office (PA), R78242 (Religions- und Kirchenwesen: Islam, 1932–36).
» Search Google
Political Archives of the German Foreign Office (PA), R104801 (Religions- und Kirchenwesen: Islam, 1936–39).
» Search Google
Rath, Jan Rinus Penninx, Kees Groenendijk, and Astrid Meyer. Western Europe and Its Islam. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2001.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Reichslandbund Pressearchiv, (BA), R58/5955 (SS Reichssicherheitshauptamt, Beobachtung der islamischen Gemeinde in Berlin, 1933–1937).
» Search Google
Renard, Michel. “Aperçu sur l’Histoire de l’Islam à Marseille, 1813–1962: Pratiques Religieuses et Encadrement des Nord-Africains.” Outre-Mers 90.340–341 (2003): 269–296.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Renard, Michel. “Gratitude, Contrôle, Accompagnement: Le Traitement du Religieux Islamique en Métropole (1914–1950).” Bulletin de l’Institut d’Histoire du Temps Présent 83 (2004): 54–69.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Renard, Michel. “Les Débuts de la Présence Musulmane en France et son Encadrement.” In Histoire de l’Islam et des Musulmans en France du Moyen Age à Nos Jours, edited by Arkoun, Mohammed, 601–641. Paris: Albin Michel, 2006.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Rudolph, Susanne Hoeber and James P. Piscatori, eds. Transnational Religion and Fading States. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1997.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Ryad, Umar. “From an Officer in the Ottoman Army to a Muslim Publicist and Armament Agent in Berlin: Zeki Hishmat Kiram (1886–1946).” Bibliotheca Orientalis, 63.3–4 (2006): 235–268.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Schulze, Reinhard. Islamischer Internationalismus im 20. Jahrhundert: Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der Islamischen Weltliga. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 1990.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Schütze, Karl-Robert. Von den Befreiungskriegen bis zum Ende der Wehrmacht: Die Geschichte des Garnisonfriedhofs am Rande der Hasenheide in Berlin-Neukölln. Berlin: Bezirksamt Neukölln, 1986.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Seiler-Chan, Chalid-Albert. “Der Islam in Berlin und Anderwärts im Deutschen Reiche.” Moslemische Revue 2–3 (1934): 47–56; and 4 (1934): 112–119.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Siddiqi, Majid Hayat. “Bluff, Doubt and Fear: The Kheiri Brothers and the Colonial State, 1904–1945.” Indian Economic and Social History Review 24.3 (1987): 233–263.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Tibawi, A. L. “History of the London Central Mosque and of the Islamic Cultural Centre 1910–1980.” Die Welt des Islams 21.1–4 (1981): 192–208.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Weiss, René. Réception à l’Hôtel de Ville de Sa Majesté Moulay Youssef, Sultan du Maroc: Inauguration de l’Institut Musulman et de la Mosquée. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1927.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Basha, Ali M. Rrugëtimi i fesë Islame në Shqipëri (1912–1967). Tirana: n.p., 2011.
» Search Google
Bougarel, Xavier. “L’islam bosniaque, entre identité culturelle et idéologie politique.” In Le nouvel islam balkanique. Les musulmans, acteurs du post-communisme (1990–2000), edited by Xavier Bougarel and Nathalie Clayer, 601–641. Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose, 2001.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Clayer, Nathalie. “Adapting Islam to Europe: The Albanian Example.” In Islam und Muslime in (Südost)Europa im Kontext von Transformation und EU-Erweiterung, edited by Christian Voss and Jordanka Telbizova-Sack, 601–641. München-Berlin: Verlag Otto Sagner, 2010.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Clayer, Nathalie. “Behind the Veil. the Reform of Islam in Inter-war Albania or the Search for a ‘Modern’ and ‘European’ Islam.” In Islam in Inter-War Europe, edited by Nathalie Clayer and Eric Germain, 601–641. London: Hurst, 2008.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Clayer, Nathalie. “La Ahmadiyya lahori et la réforme de l’islam albanais dans l’entre-deux-guerres.” In De l’Arabie à l’Himalaya. Chemins croisés en hommage à Marc Gaborieau, edited by Véronique Bouillier and Catherine Servan-Schreiber, 601–641. Paris: Maisonneuve et Larose, 2004.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Clayer, Nathalie. “The Tijaniyya. Islamic Reformism and Islamic Revival in Inter-war Albania.” Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 29.4 (2009): 483–493.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Debus, Esther. Sebilürreşad. Eine vergleichende Untersuchung zur islamischen Opposition der vor- und nachkemalistischen Ära. Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 1991.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Eich, Thomas. “Islamic Networks.” European History Online (EGO). Mainz: Institute of European History (IEG). Accessed June 4, 2012. http://www.ieg-ego.eu/eicht-2010.
» Link
Germain, Eric. “The first Muslim Missions on a European Scale: Ahmadi-Lahori Networks in the Inter-war Period.” In Islam in Inter-war Europe, edited by Nathalie Clayer and Eric Germain, 601–641. London: Hurst, 2008.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Kazazi, Fehmi. Jeta e Hazretit Muhammed Mustafajt si mbas gojdhanave dhe shkrimtarve të mdhaj arab. Shkodër: Ora e Shkodrës, 1929.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Muhamet Ali. Një përshkrim i shkurtër i jetës së profitit t’islamizmës. Paraqitun prej Muhamet Ali. Shkodra: Ora e Shkodrës, 1929.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Schwanke, Helmut. “Zur Geschichte der österreichisch-ungarischen Militärverwaltung in Albanien (1916–1918).” Phd dissertation, Wien University, Austria, 1982.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Shkodra, Ramadan. “Myderriz Hasan Efendi Nahi—Arsimdashës e Patriot i Shquar.” Accessed May 4, 2012. http://shkodrar.wordpress.com/2011/07/04/myderriz-hasan-efendi-nahi-arsimdashes-e-patriot-i-shquar/.
» Link
Ünsal, Hadiye. “Mevlana Muhammed Ali’nin ‘The Holy Qur’an’ Adlı Meal tefsiri üzerine bir inceleme.” MA dissertation, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2010.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Chapter 3. Two Ulama Traveling to Europe in the Beginning of the Twentieth Century: Muhammad al-Wartatani and Muhammad al-Sa’ih
al-Sa’ih, Muhammad Ibn ’Abd al-Salam. Usbu‘ fi Baris; 1922, edited by S. al-Qirshi. Abu Dhabi and Beirut: Dar al-Suwaydi li-al-Nashr wa-al-Tawzi’; al-Mu’assasa al-‘Arabiyya li-al-Dirasat wa-al-Nashr, 2004.
» Search Google
Arfaoui, K. “Les modernistes tunisiens et la justice (1881–1909). Quels projets de réforme?” In Réforme de l’État et reformismes au Maghreb (XIXe–XX siècles), edited by O. Moreau, 601–641. Paris: L’Harmattan, 2009.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Belaïd, H. “La diffusion des associations à but culturel en Tunisie (1888–1951).” In Réforme de l’État et reformismes au Maghreb (XIXe-XX siècles), edited by O. Moreau, 601–641. Paris: L’Harmattan, 2009.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Burke III, E. “The Moroccan Ulama, 1860–1912; an Introduction.” In Scholars, Saints and Sufis, Muslim Religious Institutions in the Middle East Since 1500, edited by N. Keddie, 601–641. Berkeley: University of California Press: 1972.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Clancy-Smith, J. “Passages: Khayr al-Din al-Tunisi et une communauté méditerranéenne de pensée (1800–1890).” In Réforme de l’État et reformismes au Maghreb (XIXe-XX siècles), edited by O. Moreau, 601–641. Paris: L’Harmattan, 2009.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Green, A. H. The Tunisian Ulama 1873–1915; Social Structure and Response to Ideological Currents. Leiden, Netherlands: E. J. Brill, 1978.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Kogelmann, F. Islamische Stiftungen und Staat. Der Wandel in den Beziehungen zwischen einer religiösen Institution und dem marokkanischen Staat seit dem 19. Jahrhundert bis 1937. Würzburg, Germany: Ergon Verlag, 1999.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Newman, D. “Sulayman Al-Hariri: An Early Tunisian Reformer in Europe.” Les cahiers de Tunisie; revue de sciences humaines 207–208 (2008–2009): 13–58. Université de Tunis.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Souissi, M. “Science européenne et enjeux éducatifs de 1850 à l’Indépendance.” Modernités arabes et torque: maitres et ingénieurs, Revue du Monde Musulman et de la Méditerranée 72.2 (1994): 53–59.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Sraïeb, N. “Le college Sadiki de Tunis et les nouvelles elites,” Modernités arabes et torque: maitres et ingénieurs, Revue du Monde Musulman et de la Méditerranée 72.2 (1994): 37–52.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Wartatani, Muhammad al-Miqdad. al-Burnus fi Baris: rihla ila Fransa wa-Suwisra, 1913. Abu Dhabi and Beirut: Dar al-Suwaydi li-al-Nashr wa-al-Tawzi’; al-Mu’assasa al-‘Arabiyya li-al-Dirasat wa-al-Nashr, 2004.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Chapter 4. Arab Scholars at the Institut de Droit Comparé in Lyon—Rereading the History of Arab-European Intellectual Encounters in the Interwar Period
Achcar, Joseph. L’Évolution Politique de la Syrie et du Liban, de la Palestine et de l’Irak. Lyon, France: Imprimerie M. Martin, 1934.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Barrera, Caroline. Étudiants d’ailleurs. Histoire des étudiants étrangers, coloniaux et français de l’étranger de la Faculté de droit de Toulouse (XIXème siècle—1944). Toulouse, France: Presses du Centre Universitaire Champollion, 2007.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Basdevant-Bastid, Suzanne. “L’Institut de droit comparé de Lyon.” In Introduction à l’Étude du droit comparé. Recueils d’Études en l’honneur d’Édouard Lambert. Paris: Librairie de la Société Anonyme du Recueil Sirey, 1938.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Black, Antony. The History of Islamic Political Thought. From the Prophet to the Present. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Buskens, Léon / Baduouin Dupret. “L’invention du droit musulman. Genèse et diffusion du positivisme juridique dans le contexte normatif islamique.” In Après l’Orientalisme. L’Orient créé par l’Orient, edited by François Pouillon and Jean-Claude Vatin. Paris: Karthala, 2011.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Coller, Ian. “Arab France: Mobility and Community in Early-Nineteenth-Century Paris and Marseille.” French Historical Studies 29.3 (2006): 433–456.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Ezzerelli, Kais. “Les étudiants arabes dans l’Hexagone, entre apolitisme et engagement militant (1918–1939).” In Histoire de l’immigration et question coloniale en France, edited by Nancy L. Green and Marie Poinsot. Paris: La documentation française, 2008, 159–165.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Gawad Mohamed Abdel. (’Abd al-Jawad, Muhammad), L’Exécution Testamentaire en Droit Musulman—Rite Hanafite. Lyon, France: Bosc Frères et Riou, 1926.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Gelvin, James L. “The Other Arab Nationalism. Syrian/Arab Populism in Its Historical and International Context.” In Rethinking Nationalism in the Arab Middle East, edited by James Jankowski and Israel Gershoni, 601–641. New York: Columbia University Press, 1997.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Hill, Enid. “Al-Sanhuri and Islamic Law. the Place and Significance of Islamic Law in the Life and Work of ’Abd Al-Razzaq Ahmad Al-Sanhuri, Egyptian Jurist and Scholar, 1895–1971.” Arab Law Quarterly 3.1 (1988): 182–218.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Hill, Enid. “Comparative and Historical Study of Modern Middle Eastern Law,” The American Journal of Comparative Law 26.2 (Spring 1978): 279–304.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Hourani, Albert. “How Should We Write the History of the Middle East?” International Journal of Middle East Studies 23.2 (May 1991): 125–136.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Jung, Dietrich. Orientalists, Islamists, and the Global Public Sphere: A Genealogy of the Modern Essentialist Image of Islam. Sheffield, UK: Equinox, 2011.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Lambert, Édouard. Conférences de M. le Professeur Édouard Lambert. Extrait de la Revue al Qanoun wal Iqtisad—3/1937. Cairo: F. E. Noury et Fils, 1937.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Lambert, Édouard. Le Congrès international de droit comparé de 1932. Les travaux de la section générale. Souvenirs d’un congressiste. Lyon, France: A. Rey, 1934.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Lambert, Édouard. “Le droit comparé et la formation d’une conscience juridique internationale.” Revue de l’Université de Lyon (December 1929): 441–463.
» Search Google
Lambert, Édouard. Préface au tome 10 de la Bibliothèque de l’Institut de droit comparé de Lyon. Paris: Marcel Giard, 1925.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Lambert, Édouard. Rapport sur un projet d’organisation de cours spéciaux aux étudiants égyptiens présenté à la Faculté de droit de Lyon. Lyon, France: A. Rey et Cie, 1908.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Michaelis, Ralf. “Im Westen nichts Neues? 100 Jahre Pariser Kongress für Rechtsvergleichung. Gedanken anläßlich einer Jubiläumskonferenz in New Orleans.” Rabels Zeitschrift für ausländisches und internationales Privatrecht 66.1 (2002): 97–115.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Moor, Ed De. “Egyptian Love in a Cold Climate. Egyptian Students in Paris at the Beginning of the 20th Century.” In The Middle East & Europe: Encounters and Exchanges, edited by Geert Jan van Gelder and Ed de Moor, 601–641. Amsterdam: Radopi, 1992.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Mubarak, Zaki. Zikriyyat Baris. Suwar lima fi madinat-il-nur min sira’ bayna al-hawa wa-l-‘aql wa-l-huda wa-l-dalal. Cairo: al-Mataba’at al-Rahmaniyya, 1931.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Mzali M.-S. (Muhammad al-Salih Mzali), Évolution Économique de la Tunisie. Tunis, Tunisia: Société anonyme de l’imprimerie rapide de Tunis, 1921.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Sakrani, Raja. Au croisement des cultures de droit occidentale et musulmane. Le pluralisme juridique dans le code tunisien des obligations et des contrats. Hamburg: EB-Verlag, 2009.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Sanhoury, Abd el-Razzak (’Abd al-Razzaq al-Sanhuri). Le Califat: Son évolution vers une Société des Nations Orientale. Paris: Librairie orientaliste Paul Geuthner, 1926.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Sanhoury, Abd el-Razzak. “Le Droit musulman comme élément de refonte du Code Civil Egyptien.” In Introduction à l’Étude du droit comparé. Recueils d’Études en l’honneur d’Édouard Lambert. Paris: Librairie de la Société Anonyme du Recueil Sirey, 1938.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Sanhoury, Abd el-Razzak. Les restrictions contractuelles à la liberté individuelle de travail dans la jurisprudence anglaise. (Paris: Marcel Giard, 1925).
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Sanhuri, Nadiyya al- and Tawfiq al-Shawi, eds. Al-Sanhuri min khilal awraqihi al-shakhsiyya. Cairo: Dar al-Shuruq, 2008.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Senturk, Recep. “Intellectual Dependency: Late Ottoman Intellectuals between Fiqh and Social Science.” Die Welt des Islams 47.3–4 (2007): 283–318.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Shakry, Omnia El. The Great Social Laboratory: Subjects of Knowledge in Colonial and Postcolonial Egypt. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2007.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Shalakany, Amr. “Sanhuri and the Historical Origins of Comparative Law in the Arab World (or How Sometimes Losing Your Asalah Can Be Good for You).” In Rethinking the Masters of Comparative Law, edited by Annelise Riles, 601–641. Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2001.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Shorbagi, A. El. La Responsabilité Politique des Ministres devant les Sénats et les Chambres Hautes. Lyon, France: Bosc Frères et Riou, 1932.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Siino, François. “Sciences, savoirs modernes et évolutions des modèles politiques.” Revue des Mondes Musulmans et de la Méditerranée 9.28 (2003): 9–28.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Tyan, Emile (Emil Tayyan), Histoire de l’Organisation Judiciaire en Pays d’Islam. Paris: Libraire du Recueil Sirey, 1938.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Chapter 5. A Salafi Student, Orientalist Scholarship, and Radio Berlin in Nazi Germany: Taqi al-Din al-Hilali and His Experiences in the West
Biruni Muḥammad b. Aḥmad, al. The chronology of ancient nations: an English version of the Arabic text of the Athâr-ul-bâkiya of Albîrûnî or “Vestiges of the past”: coll. and reduced to writing by the author in A.H. 390–1, A.D.1000, translated and edited, with notes and index, by Eduard Sachau. London: W. H. Allen, 1879.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Brustein, William. Roots of Hate: Anti-Semitism in Europe before the Holocaust. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Capart, Jean, ed. Actes du XXe Congrès international des Orientalistes: Bruxelles, 5–10 Septembre 1938. Louvain, Belgium: Bureaux du Muséon, 1940.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Dalin, David G. et al. Icon of Evil: Hitlers Mufti and the Rise of Radical Islam. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, 2009.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Davis, Marni. “ ‘No Whisky Amazons in the Tents of Israel’: American Jews and the Gilded Age Temperance Movement.” American Jewish History 94.3 (2008): 143–173.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Dawn, C. Ernest. “An Arab Nationalist View of World Politics and History in the Interwar Period: Darwish al-Miqdadi.” In The Great Powers of the Middle East, edited by Uriel Dann, 601–641. New York: Holmes & Meier, 1988.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Ende, Werner. “Sollen Frauen schreiben lernen? Eine innerislamische Debatte und ihre Widerspiegelung in Al-Manär.” In Gedenkschrift Wolfgang Reuschel: Akten des III. Arabistischen Kolloquiums, edited by Dieter Bellmann, 601–641. Leipzig: Franz Steiner, 1994.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Gershoni, Israel. “ ‘Der verfolgte Jude.’ Al-Hilals Reaktionen auf den Antisemitismus in Europa und Hitlers Machtergreifung.” In Blind für die Geschichte? Arabische Begegnungen mit dem Nationalsozialismus, edited by G. Höpp et al., 601–641. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag, 2004.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Gershoni, Israel. “Egyptian Liberalism in an Age of ‘Crisis of Orientation’: Al Risala’s Reaction to Fascism and Nazism, 1933–39.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 31 (1999): 551–576.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Gershoni, Israel and James P. Jankowski. Confronting Fascism in Egypt: Dictatorship versus Democracy in the 1930s. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2009.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Goda, Norman J. W. “Franco’s Bid for Empire: Spain, Germany, and the Western Mediterranean in World War II.” Mediterranean Historical Review 13.1–2 (2008): 168–194.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Heineman, Elizabeth D. What Difference Does a Husband Make?: Women and Marital Status in Nazi and Postwar Germany. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Herf, J. The Jewish Enemy: Nazi Propaganda during World War II and the Holocaust. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2006.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Herf, J. “Nazi Germany’s Propaganda Aimed at Arabs and Muslims during World War II and the Holocaust: Old Themes, New Archival Findings.” Central European History 42 (2009): 709–736.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Hilali, Taqi ed-Din al-. “Min al-Zubayr ila la adri (From Zubayr to I-Do-Not-Know-Where).” Unpublished dairy, family private papers, 1936.
» Search Google
Hilali, Taqi ed-Din al-. “Min Mahazil al-Istʿmar wa Akadhibih.” al-Shabab (November 16, 1938).
» Search Google
Hilali, Taqi ed-Din al-. Thalathat Masrahiyyat ‘Arabiyya muththilat fi al-Qurun al-wusta: wada’aha Ibn Daniyal al-Mawsili yuqddimuha ilayha al-’Alim Professor Kahle. Baghdad: n.p., 1948.
» Search Google
Hilali, Taqi ed-Din al-. “Waqaḥat al-Istiʿmar al-Faransi la Nihayat laha.” al-’Alam (May 10, 1939).
» Search Google
Hilali, Taqi ed-Din al- et al. Kitāb al-Futuwwa. Baghdad: n.p., 1958.
» Search Google
Höpp, G. Arabische und islamische Periodika in Berlin und Brandenburg 1915–1945: Geschichtlicher Abriß und Bibliographie. Berlin: Verlag Das Arabische Buch, 1994.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Höpp, G. Texte aus der Fremde. Arabische politische Publizistik in Deutschland, 1896–1945. Eine Bibliographie. Berlin: Verlag Das Arabische Buch, 2000.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Höpp, G. and G. Jonker. In fremder Erde. Zur Geschichte und Gegenwart der islamischen Bestattung in Deutschland. Berlin: Verlag Das Arabische Buch, 1996.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Kahle, Marie. What Would You Have Done?: The Story of the Escape of the Kahle Family from Nazi-Germany. London: Portsoken Press, 1945.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Kahle, Paul. “The Arabic Shadow Play in Egypt.” The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 1 (1940): 21–34.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Kahle, Paul. Bonn University in Pre-Nazi and Nazi Times (1929–1939). Experiences of a German Professor. London: n.p., 1945.
» Search Google
Kahle, Paul. “Muslim Contribution to Scholarship: Past, Present and Future.” Address given at the Sixth session of the Pakistan History Conference. Karachi, 1956, 8–9.
» Search Google
Klieman, Aaron S. “In the Public Domain: The Controversy over Partition for Palestine.” Jewish Social Studies 42.2 (1980): 147–164.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Laskier, Michael M. North African Jewry in the Twentieth Century: The Jews of Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria. New York and London: NYU Press, 1994.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Lauzière, Henri. “The Evolution of the Salafiyya in the Twentieth Century through the Life and Thought of Taqi Al-Din Al-Hilali.” Unpublished PhD dissertation, Georgetown University, 2008.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Lewis, Herbert S. A Galla Monarchy: Jimma Abba Jifar, Ethiopia, 1830–1932. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1965.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Mallmann, K. M. and M. Cüppers. Halbmond und Hakenkreuz. Das Dritte Reich, die Araber und Palästina. Darmstadt, Germany: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 2006.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Malti-Douglas, F. “In the Eyes of Others: The Middle Eastern Response and Reaction to Western Scholarship.” Comparative Civilizations Review 13.14 (1985): 36–55.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Marchand, Suzanne L. German Orientalism in the Age of Empire: Religion, Race, and Scholarship. Washington, DC: German Historical Institute, 2009.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Mouton, Michelle. From Nurturing the Nation to Purifying the Volk: Weimar and Nazi Family Policy, 1918–1945. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Nordbruch, Götz. “ ‘Cultural Fusion’ of Thought and Ambitions? Memory, Politics and the History of Arab–Nazi German Encounters.” Middle Eastern Studies 47.1 (2011): 183–194
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Pinney, Thomas. A History of Wine in America: From Prohibition to the Present, 2 vols. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Raz, Ronen. “The Transparent Mirror: Arab Intellectuals and Orientalism, 1798–1950.” PhD dissertation, Princeton University, 1997.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Rizvi, Sayyid Muhammad. “Muhibb Al-Din Al-Khatib: A Portrait of a Salafi-Arabist (1886–1969).” MA dissertation, Simon Fraser University, 1991.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Robbins, Jane M. J. Tokyo Calling: Japanese Overseas Radio Broadcasting 1937–1945. Fucecchio, Italy: European Press Academic Pub, 2001.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Ryad, Umar. “A Printed Muslim ‘Lighthouse’ in Cairo al-Manar’s Early Years, Religious Aspiration and Reception (1898–1903).” Arabica 56 (2009): 27–60.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Sachau, Edward C. Alberunis India: An Account of the Religion, Philosophy, Literature, Geography, Chronology, Astronomy, Customs, Laws and Astrology of India about A.D. 1030. London: Kegan Paul, Trench and Trübner, 1910.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Tennstedt, Florian. “Wohltat und Interesse: Das Winterhilfswerk des Deutschen Volkes: Die Weimarer Vorgeschichte und ihre Instrumentalisierung durch das NS-Regime.” Geschichte und Gesellschaft 13 (1987): 157–180.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Van Bruinessen, Martin. “Basyuni Imran.” Dictionnaire biographique des savants et grandes figures du monde musulman périphérique, du XIXe siècle à nos jours. Paris: CNRS-EHESS, 1992.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Vorländer, Herwart “NS-Volkswohlfahrt und Winterhilfswerk des Deutschen Volkes.” Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte 34 (1986): 341–380.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Waddington, Lorna L. “The Anti-Komintern and Nazi Anti-Bolshevik Propaganda in the 1930s.” Journal of Contemporary History 42.4 (2007): 573–594.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Waddington, Lorna L. Hitler’s Crusade: Bolshevism and the Myth of the International Jewish Conspiracy. London: IB Tauris, 2007.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Weiterleitung der Post für den Grossmufti, Politisches Archiv Auswärtiges Amt, Hankakten Ettel Grossmufti, R 27328—vom 1943-bis 1944.
» Search Google
Weiterleitung der Post für den Grossmufti, Politisches Archiv Auswärtiges Amt, Hankakten Ettel Grossmufti, R. 27324, 1941, 304509.
» Search Google
Weiterleitung der Post für den Grossmufti, Politisches Archiv Auswärtiges Amt, Hankakten Ettel Grossmufti, R. 27324, 1942, 304507.
» Search Google
Whealey, Robert H. Hitler and Spain: The Nazi Role in the Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2005.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Wien, Peter. Iraqi Arab Nationalism. Authoritarian, Totalitarian, and Pro-fascist Inclinations, 1932–1941. London and New York: Routledge, 2006.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Zargar, Cyrus Ali. “The Satiric Method of Ibn Daniyal: Morality and Anti-Morality in ‘Tayf al-Khayal.’ ” Journal of Arabic Literature 37.1 (2006), 68–108.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Chapter 6. Iranian Journals in Berlin during the Interwar Period
Andreeva, Elina. “Iran During World War I.” In Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia, edited by Alexander Mikaberidze, vol. I, 601–641. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2011.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Bayat-Philipp, Mangol. Mysticism and Dissent: Socioreligious Thought in Qajar Iran. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1982.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Bihnam, Jamshid. “Iranšahr.” In Encyclopedia Iranica, edited by Ehsan Yarshater, vol. XIII, 601–641. New York: The Encyclopedia Iranica Foundation, 2006.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Bonakdarian, Mansour. Britain and the Iranian Constitutional Revolution of 1906–1911: Foreign Policy, Imperialism, and Dissent. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2006.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Bonakdarian, Mansour. “The Persia Committee and the Constitutional Revolution in Iran.” British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 18.2 (1991):186–207.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Epkenhans, Tim. Die Iranische Moderne im Exil: Bibliographie der Zeitschrift Kave, Berlin 1916–1922. Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag, 2000.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Hairi, ’Abd al-Hadi. Shi’ism and Constitutionalism in Iran: A Study of the Role Played by the Persian Residents of Iraq in Iranian Politics. Leiden, Netherlands: E. J. Brill, 1977.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Javadi, Hasan and Edward G. Browne. Letters from Tabriz: The Russian Suppression of the Iranian Constitutional Movement. Washington, DC: Mage, 2008.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Keddie, Nikki R. “Iran under Later Qajar, 1848–1922.” In Cambridge History of Iran: From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic, edited by P. Avery et al., vol. 7, 601–641. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Keddie, Nikki R. An Islamic Response to Imperialism: Political and Religious Writings of Sayyid Jamāl Ad-Dīn “al-Afghānī” Berkeley: University of California Press, 1968.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Kramer, Lloyd S. Threshold of a New World: Intellectuals and the Exile Experience in Paris, 1830–1848. Ithaca, NY and Paris: Gronell University Press, 1988.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Luft, J. P. “The Iranian Nationalists in Istanbul During World War I.” In Studies in Honour of Clifford Edmund Bosworth, edited by Carole Hillenbrand, vol. II, 601–641. Leiden, Netherlands; London; and Boston: E. J. Brill, 2000.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Marashi, Afshin. Nationalizing Iran: Culture, Power and the State, 1870–1940. Washington: University of Washington Press, 2008.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Milani, Abbas. Eminent Persians: The Men and Women Who Made Modern Iran, 1941–1979, vol. 1. Syracuse, NY and London: Syracuse University Press, 2008.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Moaddel, Mansoor. Islamic Modernism, Nationalism, and Fundamentalism: Episode and Discourse. London: University of Chicago Press, 2005.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Mukherjee, Uma. Two Great Indian Revolutionaries: Rash Behari Bose and Jyotindra Nath Mukherjee. Calcutta: Firma K. L. Mukhopadhyay, 1966.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Neubauer, John. “Exile: Home of the Twentieth Century.” In The Exile and Return of Writers from East-Central Europe: A Compendium, edited by John Neubauer and Borbála Zsuzsanna Török, 601–641. Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2009.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Nöldeke, Theodor. The Iranian National Epic, or Shahnameh, translated by Leonid Bogdanov. Bombay: Fort Printing Press, 1930.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Parvin, Nassereddin. “habl al-matin.” In Encyclopedia Iranica, edited by Ehsan Yarshater, vol. XI, 601–641. New York: The Encyclopedia Iranica Foundation, 2003.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Parvin, Nassereddin. “Iran-e now.” In Encyclopedia Iranica, edited by Ehsan Yarshater, vol. XIII, 601–641. New York: The Encyclopedia Iranica Foundation, 2006.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Popplewell, Richard J. Intelligence and Imperial Defence: The British Intelligence and the Defence of the Indian Empire 1904–1924. London: Frank Cass, 1995.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Ramazani, Rouhollah K. The Foreign Policy of Iran 1500–1941: A Developing Nation in World Affairs. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1966.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Shaybani, AbdulHussein. Khatirat mohajart az dawlat-i movaqat ta kometeh-i berlin, edited by Iraj Afshar and Kaveh Bayat. Tehran: Shirazeh, 1378/1999.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Sklervo, P.O. “Azdaha.” In Encyclopedia Iranica, edited by Ehsan Yarshater, vol. III, 601–641. London and New York: Routledge and Kegan Paul, (1989).
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Vahdat, Farzin. God and Juggernaut: Iran’s Intellectual Encounter with Modernity. New York: Syracuse University Press, 2002.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Zia Ebrahimi, Reza. “Self-Orientalization and Dislocation: The Uses and Abuses of ‘Aryan’ Discourse in Iran.” Iranian Studies, 44.4 (2011): 445–472.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Gardezi, H. N., ed. Chains to Lose: Life and Struggles of a Revolutionary: Memoirs of Dada Amir Haider Khan, vol. I. Karachi: University of Karachi Press, 1986.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Hughes T. L. “The German Mission to Afghanistan 1915–1916.” In Germany and the Middle East, edited by W. Schwanits, 601–641. Princeton, NJ: Markus Weiner, 2004.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Irfan, M. Barkatullah Bhopali. Bhopal: n.a., 1969.
» Search Google
Kaye, C. Communism in India, 1919–1924, with Unpublished Documents from National Archives of India, 1919–1924, compiled and edited by S. Roy, with an introduction and explanatory notes by M. Saha. First published 1926. Reprint, Calcutta: Editions Indian, 1971.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Keddie, N. An Islamic Response to Imperialism: Political and Religious Writings of Sayyid Jamāl Ad-Dīn ‘al-Afghānī.’ Berkeley: University of California Press, 1968.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Khan, A. “Mawlana Barakatullah: An Indian Muslim Revolutionary in America.” The Muslim Observer (Sacramento, USA), July 1, 2009. Accessed November 15, 2011. http://www.ilmgate.org/mawlana-barakatullah-an-indian-muslim-revolutionary-in-america/.
» Link
Khan M. H. and A. R. Kamal, eds. The Contribution of Raja Mahendra Pratap and Prof. Barkatullah Bhopali in Freedom Struggle and Its Importance in Contemporary Society. Kolkata: Towards Freedom, 2008.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Krishna, G. “The Khilafat Movement In India: The First Phase (September 1919–August 1920).” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 1–2 (April 1968): 37–53.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Puri, H. “Revolutionary Organisation: A Study of the Ghadar Movement.” Social Scientist 9.2–3 (September–October 1980): 53–66.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Qureshi, N. Pan-Islam in British Indian Politics: A Study of the Khilafat Movement, 1918–1924. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 1999.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Sims-William, U. “The Afghan Newspaper, Siraj al-Akhbar.” Bulletin (British Society for Middle Eastern Studies) 7.2 (1980): 118–122.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Chapter 8. Victims, Wives, and Concubines: The Spanish Civil War and Relations between Moroccan Troops and Spanish Women
Archivo FAI (International Institute for Social History).
» Search Google
Bahamonde y Sánchez de Castro, Antonio. Un año con Queipo: memorias de un nacionalista. Barcelona: Ediciones españolas, 1938.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Flesler, Daniela. The Return of the Moor: Spanish Responses to Contemporary Moroccan Immigration. West Lafayette: Purdue University Press, 2008.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Gibson, Ian. Queipo de Llano: Sevilla, verano de 1936 (Con las charlas radiofónicas completas). Barcelona: Ediciones Grijalbo, 1986.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Madariaga, María Rosa. Los moros que trajo Franco. La intervención de tropas coloniales en la guerra civil española. Barcelona: Ediciones Martínez Roca, 2002.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Palacios, Jesus and G. Stanley Payne. Franco, mi padre: Testimonio de Carmen Franco, la hija del Caudillo. Madrid: La esfera de los libros, 2008.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Rodriguez Mediano, Fernando. “Delegación de Asuntos Indígenas, S2N2. Gestión Racial en el Protectorado Español en Marruecos.” Awrāq: estudios sobre el mundo árabe e íslamico contemporáneo 20 (1999): 173–205.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Ruiz Vidondo, Jesús María. “Ben Mizzian, el general moro de Franco,” Arbil 119 (2009). Accessed September 4, 2013. http://revista-arbil.es/119ruiz.htm.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Sánchez Ruano, Francisco. Islam y Guerra Civil Española: Moros con Franco y con la República. Madrid: La esfera de los libros, 2004.
» Search Google Books» Find in a library
Tuma, Ali Al. “The Participation of Moorish Troops in the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939): Military Value, Motivations and Religious Aspects.” War & Society 30.2 (2011): 91–107.
» Search Google Scholar» Find in a library
Whitaker, John T. We Cannot Escape History, New York: Macmillan, 1945.
» Search Google
Infomation about the author(s)
Götz Nordbruch is a researcher at the The Georg Eckert Institute for International Textbook Research in Brunswick, Germany. His research focuses on European-Middle Eastern intellectual encounters in the early twentieth century.
Umar Ryad is Associate Professor of Islamic Studies at the Faculty of Humanities, the University of Utrecht, the Netherlands. His research interests include the modern history of Muslim-Christian relations, developments of Muslim reformist thought, and transnational Muslim movements in interwar Europe.
Muslim presence in western Europe is not a recent phenomenon resulting from the postcolonial and worker migrations of the 1950s and 1960s. In most western European metropolises, Muslim life flourished and was institutionalized for the first time during the interwar period. In France, the Grande Mosquée de Paris was inaugurated in July 1926, immediately fuelling debates in London about launching a similar project in the British capital. In 1928, the first mosque opened in Berlin-Wilmersdorf. Muslims across western Europe began to organize themselves, setting up institutions varying from mosques and schools to cemeteries and publications.Although there is a vast and rapidly growing body of literature on Muslims in contemporary Europe, this research usually lacks a historical perspective, generally containing little information about the history of Islam in western European societies. This is surprising given the profound research in the field over the last decade. The major historiographical problem is, however, that most of the research done so far is scattered, limited to local and regional studies, and has so far not been connected. Addressing this problem, this article is an attempt to provide the first comprehensive, though concise, account of the history of Muslim life in western Europe before World War II.Most scholars perceive Muslim presence in western Europe as a result of the labor and postcolonial mass migrations of the postwar period. It is certainly true that Islam became more visible in the public sphere in western Europe as a result of Muslim mass immigration to major European industrial countries in the second half of the twentieth century.
Some of our PDF viewer features are not supported by your browser. Please enable javascript / upgrade or change your browser in order to access our optimum PDF viewer.